Looks like there's another similar issue.
A bug in Windows 10 causes the operating system to crash with a Blue Screen of Death simply by opening a certain path in a browser's address bar or using other Windows commands.
www.bleepingcomputer.com
Entering the following string into cmd or a web browser will cause a BSOD (Try this at your own risk, preferably in a VM).
Similar to the NTFS issue, this doesn't do anything in versions older than 1709. Even Windows 7 and XP are unaffected. Kinda makes me wonder what M$ changed that would cause this.
M$ needs to get their shit together.
EDIT: Apparently the NTFS flaw in the article isn't as severe as people think it is.
I guess it corrupts some metadata file somewhere, which causes the entire FS to be marked as dirty, which triggers the chkdisk scan. Accessing other $i30 attributes doesn't do anything.
Also apparently it works in XP, but not 7.
EDIT 2: Just tried both flaws in a Win10 1809 VM. The BSOD one caused the VM to lock up and restart, no BSOD.
The NTFS one caused chkdisk to run upon rebooting, and pretty much nothing else happened. The VM started right back up as if nothing happened. Interestingly I didn't get any notifications that anything happened after running the command. Cmd returned that the file was corrupted, and I also manually checked the disk for errors, and it said it needed to repair the disk. I also ran SFC after rebooting and it passed with no errors.
Pretty sure the NTFS one is mostly harmless (save for maybe some extra wear on your boot drive), and the BSOD one carries any risks associated with system crashes.