• Welcome to TechPowerUp Forums, Guest! Please check out our forum guidelines for info related to our community.

Amazon US Lists Pair of ASUS Z790 Motherboards with Pricing

TheLostSwede

News Editor
Joined
Nov 11, 2004
Messages
17,664 (2.41/day)
Location
Sweden
System Name Overlord Mk MLI
Processor AMD Ryzen 7 7800X3D
Motherboard Gigabyte X670E Aorus Master
Cooling Noctua NH-D15 SE with offsets
Memory 32GB Team T-Create Expert DDR5 6000 MHz @ CL30-34-34-68
Video Card(s) Gainward GeForce RTX 4080 Phantom GS
Storage 1TB Solidigm P44 Pro, 2 TB Corsair MP600 Pro, 2TB Kingston KC3000
Display(s) Acer XV272K LVbmiipruzx 4K@160Hz
Case Fractal Design Torrent Compact
Audio Device(s) Corsair Virtuoso SE
Power Supply be quiet! Pure Power 12 M 850 W
Mouse Logitech G502 Lightspeed
Keyboard Corsair K70 Max
Software Windows 10 Pro
Benchmark Scores https://valid.x86.fr/yfsd9w
Amazon US has kindly revealed the pricing for a pair of upcoming Intel Z790 chipset based motherboards from ASUS. For those hoping for better motherboard pricing versus AMD's X670 based boards, we have to be the bringer of bad news, as the two fall in the same ballpark, although Intel seems to have a slight edge here. The cheaper of the two models is the ASUS Prime Z790-P WiFi, which is the Intel equivalent to the Prime X670-P board for AMD's AM5 socket. The Prime Z790-P offers slightly weaker connectivity around the back, but has more PCIe slots compared to its AMD sibling. Unfortunately, it seems like Amazon doesn't stock the Prime X670-P, so we had to look elsewhere for pricing and Newegg charges US$289.99 for it, whereas Amazon charges US$249.99 for the Prime Z790-P, making it a more attractive option. However, that's still US$30 more than its predecessor, the Prime Z690-P, making this a pretty steep jump in price considering the two are very similar in terms of what you get for your money.

The second board is the ASUS ROG Maximus Z790 Hero, which is a premium product, something that's reflected in the pricing as well. Features like Thunderbolt 4 and an ROG Hyper M.2 card for PCIe 5.0 SSDs are included here, as well as an extended bundle. There's no direct AMD equivalent here, as ASUS only has a model in the US$400 range and one in the US$1000 range on the AMD side. However, it appears that ASUS has decided to keep the same price point as the ROG Maximus Z690 Hero. This isn't entirely surprising, as the boards appear to be almost identical, bar some change to the layout to the rear I/O. At US$629.99, this isn't a cheap board, but it wasn't expected either, as ASUS does charge a premium price for its ROG products. Both boards are said to be shipping from the 20th of October.



View at TechPowerUp Main Site | Source
 
Joined
Apr 24, 2021
Messages
278 (0.21/day)
$30 is not “steep” and Asus has a x670e crosshair hero for $699, whereas the z790 hero is $629 on Newegg. Still more expensive than the z690 version, but cheaper than x670e.
 

TheLostSwede

News Editor
Joined
Nov 11, 2004
Messages
17,664 (2.41/day)
Location
Sweden
System Name Overlord Mk MLI
Processor AMD Ryzen 7 7800X3D
Motherboard Gigabyte X670E Aorus Master
Cooling Noctua NH-D15 SE with offsets
Memory 32GB Team T-Create Expert DDR5 6000 MHz @ CL30-34-34-68
Video Card(s) Gainward GeForce RTX 4080 Phantom GS
Storage 1TB Solidigm P44 Pro, 2 TB Corsair MP600 Pro, 2TB Kingston KC3000
Display(s) Acer XV272K LVbmiipruzx 4K@160Hz
Case Fractal Design Torrent Compact
Audio Device(s) Corsair Virtuoso SE
Power Supply be quiet! Pure Power 12 M 850 W
Mouse Logitech G502 Lightspeed
Keyboard Corsair K70 Max
Software Windows 10 Pro
Benchmark Scores https://valid.x86.fr/yfsd9w
$30 is not “steep” and Asus has a x670e crosshair hero for $699, whereas the z790 hero is $629 on Newegg. Still more expensive than the z690 version, but cheaper than x670e.
Considering the board layout is almost identical, it is. There wasn't much effort put into the new product.
It's hard to compare pricing between different retails on unreleased hardware as well, buy yes, X670/E boards are seriously overpriced right now and need to come down to the kind of levels they should be at, as no-one's going to be bying them with the current markups.
 
Joined
Apr 24, 2021
Messages
278 (0.21/day)
Considering the board layout is almost identical, it is. There wasn't much effort put into the new product.
It's hard to compare pricing between different retails on unreleased hardware as well, buy yes, X670/E boards are seriously overpriced right now and need to come down to the kind of levels they should be at, as no-one's going to be bying them with the current markups.
Agree to disagree on the “steep” $30 point. The other point on x670e pricing, completely agree.
 

TheLostSwede

News Editor
Joined
Nov 11, 2004
Messages
17,664 (2.41/day)
Location
Sweden
System Name Overlord Mk MLI
Processor AMD Ryzen 7 7800X3D
Motherboard Gigabyte X670E Aorus Master
Cooling Noctua NH-D15 SE with offsets
Memory 32GB Team T-Create Expert DDR5 6000 MHz @ CL30-34-34-68
Video Card(s) Gainward GeForce RTX 4080 Phantom GS
Storage 1TB Solidigm P44 Pro, 2 TB Corsair MP600 Pro, 2TB Kingston KC3000
Display(s) Acer XV272K LVbmiipruzx 4K@160Hz
Case Fractal Design Torrent Compact
Audio Device(s) Corsair Virtuoso SE
Power Supply be quiet! Pure Power 12 M 850 W
Mouse Logitech G502 Lightspeed
Keyboard Corsair K70 Max
Software Windows 10 Pro
Benchmark Scores https://valid.x86.fr/yfsd9w
Agree to disagree on the “steep” $30 point. The other point on x670e pricing, completely agree.
I changed it to pretty steep, better?
Also changed the wording in the previous line of text to make it clear that the Intel board is the more attractive of the two options price wise vs. the X670 board.
 
Joined
Oct 6, 2021
Messages
1,605 (1.39/day)
Is there anything that effectively uses the bandwidth of PCIe 5 and gives me more performance in some real scenario? I'm almost falling into the temptation to buy an X670. XD
 

TheLostSwede

News Editor
Joined
Nov 11, 2004
Messages
17,664 (2.41/day)
Location
Sweden
System Name Overlord Mk MLI
Processor AMD Ryzen 7 7800X3D
Motherboard Gigabyte X670E Aorus Master
Cooling Noctua NH-D15 SE with offsets
Memory 32GB Team T-Create Expert DDR5 6000 MHz @ CL30-34-34-68
Video Card(s) Gainward GeForce RTX 4080 Phantom GS
Storage 1TB Solidigm P44 Pro, 2 TB Corsair MP600 Pro, 2TB Kingston KC3000
Display(s) Acer XV272K LVbmiipruzx 4K@160Hz
Case Fractal Design Torrent Compact
Audio Device(s) Corsair Virtuoso SE
Power Supply be quiet! Pure Power 12 M 850 W
Mouse Logitech G502 Lightspeed
Keyboard Corsair K70 Max
Software Windows 10 Pro
Benchmark Scores https://valid.x86.fr/yfsd9w
Is there anything that effectively uses the bandwidth of PCIe 5 and gives me more performance in some real scenario? I'm almost falling into the temptation to buy an X670. XD
Today? No. But even an X670 board supports PCIe 5.0 NVMe drives, which might be more useful for now compared to the x16 slot.
 
Joined
Jul 15, 2020
Messages
1,021 (0.64/day)
System Name Dirt Sheep | Silent Sheep
Processor i5-2400 | 13900K (-0.02mV offset)
Motherboard Asus P8H67-M LE | Gigabyte AERO Z690-G, bios F29e Intel baseline
Cooling Scythe Katana Type 1 | Noctua NH-U12A chromax.black
Memory G-skill 2*8GB DDR3 | Corsair Vengeance 4*32GB DDR5 5200Mhz C40 @4000MHz
Video Card(s) Gigabyte 970GTX Mini | NV 1080TI FE (cap at 50%, 800mV)
Storage 2*SN850 1TB, 230S 4TB, 840EVO 128GB, WD green 2TB HDD, IronWolf 6TB, 2*HC550 18TB in RAID1
Display(s) LG 21` FHD W2261VP | Lenovo 27` 4K Qreator 27
Case Thermaltake V3 Black|Define 7 Solid, stock 3*14 fans+ 2*12 front&buttom+ out 1*8 (on expansion slot)
Audio Device(s) Beyerdynamic DT 990 (or the screen speakers when I'm too lazy)
Power Supply Enermax Pro82+ 525W | Corsair RM650x (2021)
Mouse Logitech Master 3
Keyboard Roccat Isku FX
VR HMD Nop.
Software WIN 10 | WIN 11
Benchmark Scores CB23 SC: i5-2400=641 | i9-13900k=2325-2281 MC: i5-2400=i9 13900k SC | i9-13900k=37240-35500
Z790 is very boring, it need to be cheaper for me to choose it over z690..
 
Joined
Jan 21, 2013
Messages
334 (0.08/day)
Both X670E and Z790 seem a bit boring given the pricing. You can't even buy PCIE 5.0 nVME or PCIE 5.0 graphics cards at the moment anyway.
 
Joined
Apr 11, 2021
Messages
214 (0.16/day)
Both X670E and Z790 seem a bit boring given the pricing. You can't even buy PCIE 5.0 nVME or PCIE 5.0 graphics cards at the moment anyway.
The Phison E26 based PCIe Gen 5 NVMe drives are supposed to come out around the end of this year, the problem is what the average user is supposed to do with similar drives right now. By the time DirectStorage will actually become a thing maybe we'll have PCIe Gen 6 drives around, at this rate.

At least Intel's prices appear to be sane enough when compared to the previous generation, with the current economy maybe they'll start recovering some market share if AMD doesn't stop being greedy...
 

ARF

Joined
Jan 28, 2020
Messages
4,670 (2.64/day)
Location
Ex-usa | slava the trolls
Is there anything that effectively uses the bandwidth of PCIe 5 and gives me more performance in some real scenario? I'm almost falling into the temptation to buy an X670. XD

No.
PCIe 3.0 is nice compared to SATA HDD but after that, the diminishing returns hit so hard, so the advantage is only if you copy and paste large files (sequential load) on the same drive or between similar drives.
Other than that - you won't see shorter loading times or more FPS in games.

The SSDs have two weaknesses. The fast speed has a limit of its internal buffer. When you hit that buffer, the speed dramatically decreases.
For example, you want to copy a file A with size 100 GB from one folder to the other - the first 80 GB of it will be transferred at maximum rate, while the rest 20 GB will be much much slower.

And the second - member @Valantar can tell you about the NAND flash random access low speeds.
So, when you deal with thousands of very small files, you don't get any acceleration, no matter if the drive supports PCIe 3.0 or PCIe 30.0.
 
Joined
Sep 9, 2022
Messages
99 (0.12/day)
Is there anything that effectively uses the bandwidth of PCIe 5 and gives me more performance in some real scenario? I'm almost falling into the temptation to buy an X670. XD

No, and there won't be anything for a long time. The first PCIe 5.0 SSDs may appear until the end of the year but they will be limited to only ~10GB/s. The theoretical maximum of PCIe 5.0 is 16GB/s but no SSD will ever reach this due to overhead. The fastest PCIe 5.0 SSDs might eventually reach 15.x GB/s.

So, why are PCIe 5.0 SSDs limited to ~10GB/s for now? It's all in the NAND. The actual memory is not fast enough yet. We will have to wait for new NAND generations to boost PCIe 5.0 SSDs beyond the 10GB/s barrier.
The memory makers have all announced slowing down production and cost savings procedures because of the macroeconomic challenges. It will most likely be a pretty long wait until we get "next gen NAND" SSDs that shoot significantly beyond 10GB/s.

And for graphics cards it's completely pointless. I'm sure that you can plug a PCIe 4.0 based RTX 4090 in a PCIe 3.0 slot and it will run just as well as in a PCIe 4.0 or 5.0 slot as long as it is a x16 slot. The difference will be 0% to 2% max.
 

ARF

Joined
Jan 28, 2020
Messages
4,670 (2.64/day)
Location
Ex-usa | slava the trolls
Yes, it would make more sense to run RAM disks, for instance 128 GB everything like Windows and applications is on a DDR4-type memory, of course with capability to keep the data without applied voltage to the memory chips.

1665352337827.png

Do RAM Disks Still Have a Place in Organizations Today? | ITPro Today: IT News, How-Tos, Trends, Case Studies, Career Tips, More

128 GB of DDR4, here I come :D
 
Joined
Jul 13, 2016
Messages
3,292 (1.08/day)
Processor Ryzen 7800X3D
Motherboard ASRock X670E Taichi
Cooling Noctua NH-D15 Chromax
Memory 32GB DDR5 6000 CL30
Video Card(s) MSI RTX 4090 Trio
Storage Too much
Display(s) Acer Predator XB3 27" 240 Hz
Case Thermaltake Core X9
Audio Device(s) Topping DX5, DCA Aeon II
Power Supply Seasonic Prime Titanium 850w
Mouse G305
Keyboard Wooting HE60
VR HMD Valve Index
Software Win 10
No.
PCIe 3.0 is nice compared to SATA HDD but after that, the diminishing returns hit so hard, so the advantage is only if you copy and paste large files (sequential load) on the same drive or between similar drives.
Other than that - you won't see shorter loading times or more FPS in games.

The SSDs have two weaknesses. The fast speed has a limit of its internal buffer. When you hit that buffer, the speed dramatically decreases.
For example, you want to copy a file A with size 100 GB from one folder to the other - the first 80 GB of it will be transferred at maximum rate, while the rest 20 GB will be much much slower.

And the second - member @Valantar can tell you about the NAND flash random access low speeds.
So, when you deal with thousands of very small files, you don't get any acceleration, no matter if the drive supports PCIe 3.0 or PCIe 30.0.

PCIe 3.0 even hits massive diminishing returns for the average consumer compared to SATA SSDs. If you look at SSD reviews, PCIe 3.0 to PCIe 5.0 SSDs are hardly faster in real world tests like game loading time.

The only thing that really provided a decent uplift was Intel Optane SSDs and those were crazy expensive for what you got.
I changed it to pretty steep, better?
Also changed the wording in the previous line of text to make it clear that the Intel board is the more attractive of the two options price wise vs. the X670 board.

X670 has a total of 44 PCIe lanes with up to 20 of those being PCIe 5.0 on X670E.
Z790 has a total of 28 PCIe lanes with 16 of those being PCIe 5.0.

X670 and X670E is really two classes above Z790 in regards to IO. Even B650E, which has 36 PCIe lanes and 20 of which are PCIe 5.0, is packing far more than Z790. Ultimately Z790 should be compared to B650E / B650 boards or even A class AM5 boards depending on how many PCIe lanes those end up having. If I had a choice between a similarly priced B650E and Z790 board with all other factors being equal I'd take the B650E board due it the long term platform support and increased IO capability.

$30 is not “steep” and Asus has a x670e crosshair hero for $699, whereas the z790 hero is $629 on Newegg. Still more expensive than the z690 version, but cheaper than x670e.

The Z790 Hero also doesn't have a PCIe 5.0 SSD slot and is packing 28 PCIe lanes vs the 44 of the X670E version. $30 more but you are getting vastly more on the X670E board.

If all you are looking for is getting the latest processors, B650/650 is still packing more IO than Z790 and will hit price points lower then that of X670E.

IMO, given the capabilities of the Z790 chipset and the fact that it will not support future generations of processors, any Z790 board needs to be priced significantly lower than it's B650/B650E counterpart to be worthwhile. Not really comparable to X670/X670E due to the vast differences in capabilities.

Considering the board layout is almost identical, it is. There wasn't much effort put into the new product.
It's hard to compare pricing between different retails on unreleased hardware as well, buy yes, X670/E boards are seriously overpriced right now and need to come down to the kind of levels they should be at, as no-one's going to be bying them with the current markups.

X670 / X670E boards are overpriced but a lot of people seem to think they are comparable to X570. They are not. X670 is packing more PCIe lanes (44 in total) than last gen and 20 of them are PCIe gen 5.0 vs PCIe gen 4.0. PCIe 5.0 redrivers are very expensive. There's the added cost of having two chips in the chipset that bumps up the cost too. I paid $300 for my X570 Taichi, a reasonable price for the X670 Taichi (given the capabilities of the chipset) would be $400 - $450.

Z790 is even worse in regards to price unfortunately. A mere 28 PCIe lanes with only 16 being PCIe 5.0 is quite a bit less than even what B650 / B650E offers. Looking at the pricing of many of the high end Z790 motherboards like the Z790 Aorus Master, they are charging the same price as X670E. That is a complete joke, chances are a B650E version of the Aorus Master is going to cost around $300 and have better IO capability.

People are quick to point out the pricing of X670/X670E (and yes it can be better) but then you also have Z790 boards coming in at the same price while providing vastly less on a platform that won't receive future CPU support. Z790 needs to be priced under B650 boards for it to be worthwhile. B650 is still providing you more PCIe lanes while also supporting future CPU generations.
 
Last edited:
Joined
Aug 18, 2022
Messages
365 (0.44/day)
For those people who want to keep their existing DDR4 memory the ASUS TUF Gaming Z790-Plus Wi-Fi D4 is $290 from that list on Newegg. The Z690 equivalent is selling for $235 so a $55 price increase is reasonable. This board has a PCIe 5.0 graphics slot with PCIe 4.0 M.2 drives. At this price I don't think buyers are likely to be bothered about the absence of a PCIe 5.0 storage drive.
 
Joined
Jan 31, 2011
Messages
238 (0.05/day)
Processor 3700X
Motherboard X570 TUF Plus
Cooling U12
Memory 32GB 3600MHz
Video Card(s) eVGA GTX970
Storage 512GB 970 Pro
Case CM 500L vertical
[...]
X670 has a total of 44 PCIe lanes with up to 20 of those being PCIe 5.0 on X670E.
Z790 has a total of 28 PCIe lanes with 16 of those being PCIe 5.0.

X670 and X670E is really two classes above Z790 in regards to IO. Even B650E, which has 36 PCIe lanes and 20 of which are PCIe 5.0, is packing far more than Z790. Ultimately Z790 should be compared to B650E / B650 boards or even A class AM5 boards depending on how many PCIe lanes those end up having. If I had a choice between a similarly priced B650E and Z790 board with all other factors being equal I'd take the B650E board due it the long term platform support and increased IO capability.
[...]
Where are you getting these figures?
AMD X670E platform, in terms of lanes available for use and not tied up in platform requirements (socket-chipset connection and chipset-chipset connection):
Socket:
5.0 - 24 lanes
Chipset:
4.0 - 12 lanes
3.0 - 8 lanes

That's a total of 44 PCIe lanes.


Intel Z790 platform, with the same conditions as above:
Socket:
5.0 - 16 lanes
4.0 - 4 lanes
Chipset:
4.0 - 20 lanes
3.0 - 8 lanes

That's a total of 48 PCIe lanes.


Just for fun:
AMD X570 platform, with same conditions as above:
Socket:
4.0 - 20 lanes
Chipset:
4.0 - 16 lanes

That's a total of 36 PCIe lanes.


X570, unlike X670E and Z790, also has 8 dedicated SATA ports. X670E and Z790 share their SATA PHYs with PCIe PHYs, meaning any SATA ports on the latter two chipsets come at the direct cost of PCIe lane count. Though, given the supposed provenance of X570, these were probably originally PCIe lanes, just hard configured to be SATA-only by AMD's X570 platform spec.


Sources:
X670E: https://www.anandtech.com/show/1758...-ryzen-5-7600x-review-retaking-the-high-end/4
Z790: https://www.intel.com/content/www/u...m-controller-hub-datasheet-volume-1-of-2.html
X570: https://www.anandtech.com/show/14161/the-amd-x570-motherboard-overview
 
Joined
Mar 14, 2014
Messages
1,398 (0.36/day)
Processor 11900K
Motherboard ASRock Z590 OC Formula
Cooling Noctua NH-D15 using 2x140mm 3000RPM industrial Noctuas
Memory G. Skill Trident Z 2x16GB 3600MHz
Video Card(s) eVGA RTX 3090 FTW3
Storage 2TB Crucial P5 Plus
Display(s) 1st: LG GR83Q-B 1440p 27in 240Hz / 2nd: Lenovo y27g 1080p 27in 144Hz
Case Lian Li Lancool MESH II RGB (I removed the RGB)
Audio Device(s) AKG Q701's w/ O2+ODAC (Sounds a little bright)
Power Supply Seasonic Prime 850 TX
Mouse Glorious Model D
Keyboard Glorious MMK2 65% Lynx MX switches
Software Win10 Pro
Think I paid like $220 for my Z97 Hero when it was current and new.
These prices are just way too much for the average person.
 
D

Deleted member 185088

Guest
$30 is not “steep” and Asus has a x670e crosshair hero for $699, whereas the z790 hero is $629 on Newegg. Still more expensive than the z690 version, but cheaper than x670e.
It is considering the value of the USD.
But x670 motherboards' prices are just stupid.
 
Joined
Jul 13, 2016
Messages
3,292 (1.08/day)
Processor Ryzen 7800X3D
Motherboard ASRock X670E Taichi
Cooling Noctua NH-D15 Chromax
Memory 32GB DDR5 6000 CL30
Video Card(s) MSI RTX 4090 Trio
Storage Too much
Display(s) Acer Predator XB3 27" 240 Hz
Case Thermaltake Core X9
Audio Device(s) Topping DX5, DCA Aeon II
Power Supply Seasonic Prime Titanium 850w
Mouse G305
Keyboard Wooting HE60
VR HMD Valve Index
Software Win 10
Where are you getting these figures?
AMD X670E platform, in terms of lanes available for use and not tied up in platform requirements (socket-chipset connection and chipset-chipset connection):
Socket:
5.0 - 24 lanes
Chipset:
4.0 - 12 lanes
3.0 - 8 lanes

That's a total of 44 PCIe lanes.


Intel Z790 platform, with the same conditions as above:
Socket:
5.0 - 16 lanes
4.0 - 4 lanes
Chipset:
4.0 - 20 lanes
3.0 - 8 lanes

That's a total of 48 PCIe lanes.


Just for fun:
AMD X570 platform, with same conditions as above:
Socket:
4.0 - 20 lanes
Chipset:
4.0 - 16 lanes

That's a total of 36 PCIe lanes.


X570, unlike X670E and Z790, also has 8 dedicated SATA ports. X670E and Z790 share their SATA PHYs with PCIe PHYs, meaning any SATA ports on the latter two chipsets come at the direct cost of PCIe lane count. Though, given the supposed provenance of X570, these were probably originally PCIe lanes, just hard configured to be SATA-only by AMD's X570 platform spec.


Sources:
X670E: https://www.anandtech.com/show/1758...-ryzen-5-7600x-review-retaking-the-high-end/4
Z790: https://www.intel.com/content/www/u...m-controller-hub-datasheet-volume-1-of-2.html
X570: https://www.anandtech.com/show/14161/the-amd-x570-motherboard-overview

It appears that my earlier figures were misleading. Looking at the block diagrams, AMD's chipset figures also include lanes from the CPU whereas Intel's do not. When I posted that comment I had looked through multiple articles (including Intel's official page for Z790 that you linked) prior to posting and it seems that most parroted AMD's chipset figures that also include CPU lanes while articles on Z790 (including the one on TechPowerUp) only included lanes from the CPU.
 
Joined
Mar 7, 2011
Messages
4,564 (0.91/day)
Here are few listed on B&H, pricing is quite inline with others. So overall prices of these boards have certainly doubled especially for entry level SKUs.

B&H Z790 1.PNG


B&H Z790.PNG
 
Last edited:
Joined
Dec 28, 2012
Messages
3,898 (0.90/day)
System Name Skunkworks 3.0
Processor 5800x3d
Motherboard x570 unify
Cooling Noctua NH-U12A
Memory 32GB 3600 mhz
Video Card(s) asrock 6800xt challenger D
Storage Sabarent rocket 4.0 2TB, MX 500 2TB
Display(s) Asus 1440p144 27"
Case Old arse cooler master 932
Power Supply Corsair 1200w platinum
Mouse *squeak*
Keyboard Some old office thing
Software Manjaro
Think I paid like $220 for my Z97 Hero when it was current and new.
These prices are just way too much for the average person.
Paid $230 for my asus p8z77 v pro motherboard new. No crazy RGBs, 8 phase VRM, plenty of USB 3.0 and 2.0 connectors, could host 3 GPUs, and still works a decade later.

These new board prices are absolutely insane for what you get. The AMD boards are WAY worse.
 
Last edited:
Top