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This seems to apply mainly to e-cigs that use a high voltage to vaporize the nicotine "juice."
Article from NIH.
Article from NIH.
emphasis added.When used at low voltage, e-cigarettes did not create any formaldehyde-releasing agents, the researchers found.
However, high-voltage use released enough formaldehyde-containing compounds to increase a person's lifetime risk of cancer five to 15 times higher than the risk caused by long-term smoking, the study said.
Formaldehyde is a known human carcinogen, according to the U.S. National Cancer Institute. It is a colorless, strong-smelling gas, commonly used in glues for products such as particle board, and in mortuaries as an embalming fluid.
The American Vaping Association, an industry group advocating for e-cigarette makers, argued that the new study was flawed because e-cigarette users wouldn't operate their devices at such high voltage.
"When the vapor device was used at the realistic setting of 3.7 volts, levels of formaldehyde were similar to the trace levels that are released from an FDA-approved [smoking-cessation] inhaler," association President Gregory Conley said. "However, when the researchers increased the voltage to 5 volts and continued to have their machine take three- to four-second puffs, this caused extreme overheating and the production of formaldehyde."
This is known "in vapor product science as the 'dry puff phenomenon,' " Conley said. "Contrary to the authors' mistaken belief, these are not settings that real-life vapers actually use, as dry puffs are harsh and unpleasant. In the real world, vapers avoid dry puffs by lowering the length of their puff as they increase voltage."
Noting that e-cigarettes remain unregulated, a representative with the American Cancer Society said these findings highlight the need for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration oversight.
"This study shows how little we know about toxic exposures that can result from using any one of the many different available types of e-cigarettes at different heating levels," said Eric Jacobs, the cancer society's strategic director of pharmacoepidemiology.