• Welcome to TechPowerUp Forums, Guest! Please check out our forum guidelines for info related to our community.

Unlocked Realtek HD Audio Drivers Windows 7 & 8 (With Dolby Digital Live and DTS Interactive)

Joined
May 25, 2013
Messages
739 (0.18/day)
Location
Kolkata, India
System Name barely hangin on...
Processor Intel I5 4670K @stock
Motherboard Asus H81m-cs (nothing else available now)
Cooling CM Hyper 212X (in push-pull)
Memory 16GB Corsair Vengeance Dual Channel 1866MHz
Video Card(s) Asus RX 580 4GB Dual
Storage WD Blue 1TB, WD Black 2TB, Samsung 850 Evo 250GB
Display(s) Acer KG241QP 144Hz
Case Cooler Master CM 690 III (Transparent side panel) - illuminated with NZXT HUE RGB
Audio Device(s) FiiO E10K>Boom 3D>ATH M50/Samson SR850/HD599SE
Power Supply Corsair RM 850
Mouse Redragon M901 PERDITION 16400 DPI Laser Gaming Mouse
Keyboard HyperX Alloy FPS Mechanical Gaming Keyboard (Cherry MX Brown)
Software 7-64bit MBR, 10-64bit UEFI (Not Multi-boot), VBox guests...
OK Guys, I've found a pretty good alternative to all these "unlocked" stuff - and it works great! Dolby Home Theater v4. The sound it incredible. I have tried it with monitor's headphone port (via Displayport from GPU) and speakers, and the analog speakers and front panel headphone port on chassis. I could use a little of the srs trubass though. But the bass isn't bad at all. All in all I'm quite satisfied. I don't know if it's legal to share it (or use it, for that matter). But do search for it if you are interested.

dd-c.jpg
 
Joined
May 24, 2017
Messages
38 (0.01/day)
Hi. Netflix 5.1 Works now?. I set "dolby digital live 5.1" in avanced settings, but I think Netflix films dont work properly, sounds to emulated 5.1, no native 5.1, why?. All the rest things Works perfect (games), But Netflix in 5.1 not.
 
Joined
Aug 5, 2015
Messages
279 (0.08/day)
If you have to do the DisableProtectedAudioDG registry edit for what ever mod you're using, then it won't work for the Netflix app, as far as I know.

If you're playing it through a web browser, I'm not sure if Netflix even supports 5.1 through a web browser.
 
Joined
Jul 11, 2015
Messages
1 (0.00/day)
I would like to confirm if with the 8166 modified works with the latest windows 10 creators update over SPIDF (Dolby digital live 5.1) because I'm still on 14393 with 8059, but want to update to the latest creators. I have a Home Theater 5.1 connected with optical cable in my Z170 Asrock motherboard.
Thanks in advance!!!
 

AAF Optimus

Audio Modder
Joined
Mar 1, 2017
Messages
1,200 (0.43/day)
Location
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
System Name NEW AAF OPTIMUS RIG
Processor AMD Ryzen 5 5600X (6C/12T)
Motherboard ASUS TUF Gaming B550M-Plus
Cooling DEEPCOOL Gammax L120T
Memory CRUCIAL Pro Gaming 32GB DDR4-3200 (2x16GB)
Video Card(s) NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 12GB MSI Ventus 2X OC LHR
Storage ADATA Legend 710 PCIe Gen3 x4 256GB; ADATA Legend 800 PCIe Gen4 x4 2TB; GoldenFir SSD 1TB
Display(s) AOC VIPER 27" 165Hz 1ms (27G2SE)
Case DARKFLASH DK100-BK
Audio Device(s) AAF Optimus Audio (Sound Blaster + Dolby [Dolby Atmos For Built-In Speakers])
Power Supply REDRAGON RGPS 600W 80 PLUS Bronze Full Modular
Mouse CLAHM CL-MM386 7200DPI
Keyboard MOTOSPEED CK-108 Mechanical Keyboard
Software Windows 11 Pro x64 23H2
I would like to confirm if with the 8166 modified works with the latest windows 10 creators update over SPIDF (Dolby digital live 5.1) because I'm still on 14393 with 8059, but want to update to the latest creators. I have a Home Theater 5.1 connected with optical cable in my Z170 Asrock motherboard.
Thanks in advance!!!
 

Attachments

  • Capturar1.JPG
    Capturar1.JPG
    88.9 KB · Views: 836
  • Capturar2.JPG
    Capturar2.JPG
    81.1 KB · Views: 789
  • Capturar3.JPG
    Capturar3.JPG
    86.6 KB · Views: 864
  • Capturar4.JPG
    Capturar4.JPG
    67.6 KB · Views: 795
  • Capturar5.JPG
    Capturar5.JPG
    24.1 KB · Views: 804
  • Capturar6.JPG
    Capturar6.JPG
    142.2 KB · Views: 750

L@Zar0

New Member
Joined
Jun 16, 2017
Messages
3 (0.00/day)
Hi,

I've registered and want to post only to give thanks to the people contributing in this post.

I have an old Maximus VI Hero with Realtek ALC1150 and it was very difficult to get Dolby Digital (with optical) in the SupremeFX that cames with the mobo.

So, finally, following the guidelines in this post:

https://www.techpowerup.com/forums/...d-dts-interactive.193148/page-24#post-3320764

i have Dolby Digital Live (and DTS also) applying official R2.79 Realtek drivers and modded R2.75 DLL using A1 method.



I decided to contribute a bit more, and compare a bit my testings:
I tested also the Dolby PCEE and Dolby Home Theater v4 method (as Nabarun has proposed) via nvidia HDMI and it gives me a bit of more punch to the sounds. The problem I have is that it disconnects Dolby Digital after having processed sounds. With Realtek by optical connection, Dolby Digital is always ON in my AV Receiver.
I tried to use the guidelines for new R2.81 release or even modded Realtek HD drivers 8176 release, without any good results.
In all the modded versions I've tried, the Dolby Audio try icon, although installed, gives me an error when I try to open the application. It says something about "Missing components in the installation. Bla bla bla"

So:

- Are there any hopes that R2.81 would be "usable" with my Maximus VI Hero?
- Is there any form to make available Dolby Audio app and make it working?
- Is there any method to pass through Dolby Digital from Realtek HD Audio from motherboard to the Nvidia HDMI connection?
I've looked this all these days, but I have not any good result, because at first glance it seems to be impossible, but I do not know if by software there would be any method to do this.
- Would it be possible to use Dolby Digital Plus (or even Dolby Atmos) using this method?

Thanks a lot for your testings!
 
Last edited:
Joined
Jan 18, 2016
Messages
121 (0.04/day)
Location
Brasil
System Name Windows 10: Pro Insider x64
Processor i5-3570
Motherboard MSI P67s-C43 B3
Cooling Stock
Memory 16GB DDR3 1333mHz
Video Card(s) GTX 680
Storage 2x Seagate 1TB 6Gbs 1x SSD 128GB
Display(s) LG 23" FLATRON E2355
Case THERMALTAKE CHASER MK-I
Audio Device(s) Receiver Onkyo Tx-NR 757
Power Supply C3 TECH 750W
Mouse THERMALTAKE PHERON
Keyboard A4TECH LED MULTIMEDIA
Hi. Netflix 5.1 Works now?. I set "dolby digital live 5.1" in avanced settings, but I think Netflix films dont work properly, sounds to emulated 5.1, no native 5.1, why?. All the rest things Works perfect (games), But Netflix in 5.1 not.

need select Films with a 5.1 audio.
if not work, try modify "hex" of all xaudio.dll files
 
Joined
Mar 27, 2017
Messages
158 (0.06/day)
is it possible to use realtek and sound blaster at same time? I bought a Bluetooth has transmitter connected to sound blaster optical out and soundbar connected reatelk optical out for main audio out. How can I use realtek and soundblaster at same time?
 

L@Zar0

New Member
Joined
Jun 16, 2017
Messages
3 (0.00/day)
is it possible to use realtek and sound blaster at same time? I bought a Bluetooth has transmitter connected to sound blaster optical out and soundbar connected reatelk optical out for main audio out. How can I use realtek and soundblaster at same time?
AFAIK, you can have both sound devices installed on computer, but Windows (at least Windows 10) will only make use of one of the devices, the one you've selected in Playback Devices (the one that has the green checked circle). You must change the device everytime you want to use the other.
 
Joined
Jul 2, 2015
Messages
8 (0.00/day)
is it possible to use realtek and sound blaster at same time? I bought a Bluetooth has transmitter connected to sound blaster optical out and soundbar connected reatelk optical out for main audio out. How can I use realtek and soundblaster at same time?
You can accomplish this with 3rd party software, try looking up virtual audio cable (or some other type of audio loopback device)
 

AAF Optimus

Audio Modder
Joined
Mar 1, 2017
Messages
1,200 (0.43/day)
Location
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
System Name NEW AAF OPTIMUS RIG
Processor AMD Ryzen 5 5600X (6C/12T)
Motherboard ASUS TUF Gaming B550M-Plus
Cooling DEEPCOOL Gammax L120T
Memory CRUCIAL Pro Gaming 32GB DDR4-3200 (2x16GB)
Video Card(s) NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 12GB MSI Ventus 2X OC LHR
Storage ADATA Legend 710 PCIe Gen3 x4 256GB; ADATA Legend 800 PCIe Gen4 x4 2TB; GoldenFir SSD 1TB
Display(s) AOC VIPER 27" 165Hz 1ms (27G2SE)
Case DARKFLASH DK100-BK
Audio Device(s) AAF Optimus Audio (Sound Blaster + Dolby [Dolby Atmos For Built-In Speakers])
Power Supply REDRAGON RGPS 600W 80 PLUS Bronze Full Modular
Mouse CLAHM CL-MM386 7200DPI
Keyboard MOTOSPEED CK-108 Mechanical Keyboard
Software Windows 11 Pro x64 23H2
Dear members. I'm here again to introduce another Realtek MOD driver made by me, which features version 6.0.1.8176 and the following enhancements: SRS, Dolby Home Theater v4 (TEST) and DTS All Effects. The same is compatible with DirectX 12 and the link is just below:

http://www23.zippyshare.com/v/wGBER4V8/file.html

I hope you enjoy and enjoy it and send your suggestions.

TIPS: NO SOUND BLASTER, TEST MODE OR DISABLE DRIVER SIGNATURE ENFORCEMENT IS REQUIRED FOR INSTALLATION.

Dear members. I'm here again to introduce another Realtek MOD driver made by me, which features version 6.0.1.8176 and the following enhancements: SRS, Dolby Home Theater v4 (TEST) and DTS All Effects. The same is compatible with DirectX 12 and the link is just below:

http://www23.zippyshare.com/v/wGBER4V8/file.html

I hope you enjoy and enjoy it and send your suggestions.

TIPS: NO SOUND BLASTER, TEST MODE OR DISABLE DRIVER SIGNATURE ENFORCEMENT IS REQUIRED FOR INSTALLATION.

Guys, working? If yes, post the pictures, IF POSSIBLE.
 

Attachments

  • 1.jpg
    1.jpg
    206.9 KB · Views: 883
  • 2.jpg
    2.jpg
    248.6 KB · Views: 1,212
  • 3.jpg
    3.jpg
    180.6 KB · Views: 839
  • 4.jpg
    4.jpg
    184.2 KB · Views: 785
Last edited by a moderator:
Joined
Jan 18, 2016
Messages
121 (0.04/day)
Location
Brasil
System Name Windows 10: Pro Insider x64
Processor i5-3570
Motherboard MSI P67s-C43 B3
Cooling Stock
Memory 16GB DDR3 1333mHz
Video Card(s) GTX 680
Storage 2x Seagate 1TB 6Gbs 1x SSD 128GB
Display(s) LG 23" FLATRON E2355
Case THERMALTAKE CHASER MK-I
Audio Device(s) Receiver Onkyo Tx-NR 757
Power Supply C3 TECH 750W
Mouse THERMALTAKE PHERON
Keyboard A4TECH LED MULTIMEDIA

Attachments

  • Sem título.png
    Sem título.png
    147.4 KB · Views: 690

AAF Optimus

Audio Modder
Joined
Mar 1, 2017
Messages
1,200 (0.43/day)
Location
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
System Name NEW AAF OPTIMUS RIG
Processor AMD Ryzen 5 5600X (6C/12T)
Motherboard ASUS TUF Gaming B550M-Plus
Cooling DEEPCOOL Gammax L120T
Memory CRUCIAL Pro Gaming 32GB DDR4-3200 (2x16GB)
Video Card(s) NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 12GB MSI Ventus 2X OC LHR
Storage ADATA Legend 710 PCIe Gen3 x4 256GB; ADATA Legend 800 PCIe Gen4 x4 2TB; GoldenFir SSD 1TB
Display(s) AOC VIPER 27" 165Hz 1ms (27G2SE)
Case DARKFLASH DK100-BK
Audio Device(s) AAF Optimus Audio (Sound Blaster + Dolby [Dolby Atmos For Built-In Speakers])
Power Supply REDRAGON RGPS 600W 80 PLUS Bronze Full Modular
Mouse CLAHM CL-MM386 7200DPI
Keyboard MOTOSPEED CK-108 Mechanical Keyboard
Software Windows 11 Pro x64 23H2

AAF Optimus

Audio Modder
Joined
Mar 1, 2017
Messages
1,200 (0.43/day)
Location
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
System Name NEW AAF OPTIMUS RIG
Processor AMD Ryzen 5 5600X (6C/12T)
Motherboard ASUS TUF Gaming B550M-Plus
Cooling DEEPCOOL Gammax L120T
Memory CRUCIAL Pro Gaming 32GB DDR4-3200 (2x16GB)
Video Card(s) NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 12GB MSI Ventus 2X OC LHR
Storage ADATA Legend 710 PCIe Gen3 x4 256GB; ADATA Legend 800 PCIe Gen4 x4 2TB; GoldenFir SSD 1TB
Display(s) AOC VIPER 27" 165Hz 1ms (27G2SE)
Case DARKFLASH DK100-BK
Audio Device(s) AAF Optimus Audio (Sound Blaster + Dolby [Dolby Atmos For Built-In Speakers])
Power Supply REDRAGON RGPS 600W 80 PLUS Bronze Full Modular
Mouse CLAHM CL-MM386 7200DPI
Keyboard MOTOSPEED CK-108 Mechanical Keyboard
Software Windows 11 Pro x64 23H2
@Alan Finote

When I installed on win 10, it installs but it has no sound :(

Any solutions?

Edit: The video/audio player also shutting down

Have you installed any of the Dolby programs in the DTPC folder? If so, try uninstalling it, and then restart your computer.
 

AAF Optimus

Audio Modder
Joined
Mar 1, 2017
Messages
1,200 (0.43/day)
Location
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
System Name NEW AAF OPTIMUS RIG
Processor AMD Ryzen 5 5600X (6C/12T)
Motherboard ASUS TUF Gaming B550M-Plus
Cooling DEEPCOOL Gammax L120T
Memory CRUCIAL Pro Gaming 32GB DDR4-3200 (2x16GB)
Video Card(s) NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 12GB MSI Ventus 2X OC LHR
Storage ADATA Legend 710 PCIe Gen3 x4 256GB; ADATA Legend 800 PCIe Gen4 x4 2TB; GoldenFir SSD 1TB
Display(s) AOC VIPER 27" 165Hz 1ms (27G2SE)
Case DARKFLASH DK100-BK
Audio Device(s) AAF Optimus Audio (Sound Blaster + Dolby [Dolby Atmos For Built-In Speakers])
Power Supply REDRAGON RGPS 600W 80 PLUS Bronze Full Modular
Mouse CLAHM CL-MM386 7200DPI
Keyboard MOTOSPEED CK-108 Mechanical Keyboard
Software Windows 11 Pro x64 23H2
Last edited by a moderator:
Joined
Apr 30, 2017
Messages
215 (0.08/day)
Somehow sadly this driver not working for me :(

I have in/uninstalled DTPC and reinstall the first version of the package and also the second and nothing :(

Is it build or update failure?

I'm countinously on 14393
 
Joined
Jan 18, 2016
Messages
121 (0.04/day)
Location
Brasil
System Name Windows 10: Pro Insider x64
Processor i5-3570
Motherboard MSI P67s-C43 B3
Cooling Stock
Memory 16GB DDR3 1333mHz
Video Card(s) GTX 680
Storage 2x Seagate 1TB 6Gbs 1x SSD 128GB
Display(s) LG 23" FLATRON E2355
Case THERMALTAKE CHASER MK-I
Audio Device(s) Receiver Onkyo Tx-NR 757
Power Supply C3 TECH 750W
Mouse THERMALTAKE PHERON
Keyboard A4TECH LED MULTIMEDIA
QUOTE="Alan Finote, post: 3682082, member: 170292"]That's what the images are for. I'll fix it as soon as possible.
But are Dolby and DTS effects working?[/QUOTE]

i think so...
but driver not working(last print)
 

Attachments

  • 20170623_155018-2064x1161.jpg
    20170623_155018-2064x1161.jpg
    344.1 KB · Views: 863
  • 20170623_155048-2064x1161.jpg
    20170623_155048-2064x1161.jpg
    328.2 KB · Views: 637
  • 20170623_155108-2064x1161.jpg
    20170623_155108-2064x1161.jpg
    481.8 KB · Views: 647
  • 20170623_155132-2064x1161.jpg
    20170623_155132-2064x1161.jpg
    383.2 KB · Views: 684
  • 20170623_155209-2064x1161.jpg
    20170623_155209-2064x1161.jpg
    389.6 KB · Views: 594
  • 20170623_155226-2064x1161.jpg
    20170623_155226-2064x1161.jpg
    322.8 KB · Views: 590
  • 20170623_155236-2064x1161.jpg
    20170623_155236-2064x1161.jpg
    532.2 KB · Views: 620
  • 20170623_155253-2064x1161.jpg
    20170623_155253-2064x1161.jpg
    509.2 KB · Views: 612
Last edited:

AAF Optimus

Audio Modder
Joined
Mar 1, 2017
Messages
1,200 (0.43/day)
Location
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
System Name NEW AAF OPTIMUS RIG
Processor AMD Ryzen 5 5600X (6C/12T)
Motherboard ASUS TUF Gaming B550M-Plus
Cooling DEEPCOOL Gammax L120T
Memory CRUCIAL Pro Gaming 32GB DDR4-3200 (2x16GB)
Video Card(s) NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 12GB MSI Ventus 2X OC LHR
Storage ADATA Legend 710 PCIe Gen3 x4 256GB; ADATA Legend 800 PCIe Gen4 x4 2TB; GoldenFir SSD 1TB
Display(s) AOC VIPER 27" 165Hz 1ms (27G2SE)
Case DARKFLASH DK100-BK
Audio Device(s) AAF Optimus Audio (Sound Blaster + Dolby [Dolby Atmos For Built-In Speakers])
Power Supply REDRAGON RGPS 600W 80 PLUS Bronze Full Modular
Mouse CLAHM CL-MM386 7200DPI
Keyboard MOTOSPEED CK-108 Mechanical Keyboard
Software Windows 11 Pro x64 23H2
@itachimendes Do the following:

1º - Uninstall the Realtek driver, but do not restart the computer.
2º - Delete any content that is located in the following directories: "%systemdrive%\Program Files\Realtek"; "%Systemdrive%\Program Files (x86)\Realtek\Audio"; "%Systemroot%\system32\DAX2"; "%Systemroot%\system32\DAX3", if there are.

3º - Enable Test Mode or Disable Driver Signature Imposition and Restart the computer.
4º - Install the driver again.
 
Joined
Apr 20, 2017
Messages
304 (0.11/day)
So Why every one you want these old stuff DTS effects there are only for stereo mode and headphones not for surround configuration over SPDIF
1. like I said before it is not possible to bring back these DTS effects to work without running dtsaudioservice64.exe
2. it is not possible to bring ddl and dts connect at the same time if some modificators here .... are they understand what exactly is LFX and GFX?
3. I know exactly whats happen here and I am not responsable if all of you have no sound and audio drops and errors during testing the tone
4. It is not possible to get dolby home theatre v4 over speakers tab it does not work only because dolby home theatre v4 use x64 based dlls but dolby digital plus work because it use x86 based dlls running on x64bit architecture also dolby audio also Harman and SRS
5. also some laptops with windows creators update dont support these dts effects beause it use large windows page than the normal.. I hope that all of you will understand
6. dont waste your time it is not possible to bring two output format at the same time only one output format is possible
 

AAF Optimus

Audio Modder
Joined
Mar 1, 2017
Messages
1,200 (0.43/day)
Location
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
System Name NEW AAF OPTIMUS RIG
Processor AMD Ryzen 5 5600X (6C/12T)
Motherboard ASUS TUF Gaming B550M-Plus
Cooling DEEPCOOL Gammax L120T
Memory CRUCIAL Pro Gaming 32GB DDR4-3200 (2x16GB)
Video Card(s) NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 12GB MSI Ventus 2X OC LHR
Storage ADATA Legend 710 PCIe Gen3 x4 256GB; ADATA Legend 800 PCIe Gen4 x4 2TB; GoldenFir SSD 1TB
Display(s) AOC VIPER 27" 165Hz 1ms (27G2SE)
Case DARKFLASH DK100-BK
Audio Device(s) AAF Optimus Audio (Sound Blaster + Dolby [Dolby Atmos For Built-In Speakers])
Power Supply REDRAGON RGPS 600W 80 PLUS Bronze Full Modular
Mouse CLAHM CL-MM386 7200DPI
Keyboard MOTOSPEED CK-108 Mechanical Keyboard
Software Windows 11 Pro x64 23H2
So Why every one you want these old stuff DTS effects there are only for stereo mode and headphones not for surround configuration over SPDIF
1. like I said before it is not possible to bring back these DTS effects to work without running dtsaudioservice64.exe
2. it is not possible to bring ddl and dts connect at the same time if some modificators here .... are they understand what exactly is LFX and GFX?
3. I know exactly whats happen here and I am not responsable if all of you have no sound and audio drops and errors during testing the tone
4. It is not possible to get dolby home theatre v4 over speakers tab it does not work only because dolby home theatre v4 use x64 based dlls but dolby digital plus work because it use x86 based dlls running on x64bit architecture also dolby audio also Harman and SRS
5. also some laptops with windows creators update dont support these dts effects beause it use large windows page than the normal.. I hope that all of you will understand
6. dont waste your time it is not possible to bring two output format at the same time only one output format is possible
I do not know why, but here everything is working perfectly, Dolby, DTS and SRS
 
Joined
Apr 20, 2017
Messages
304 (0.11/day)
I do not know why, but here everything is working perfectly, Dolby, DTS and SRS
I dont know how it work for you but you can open some song with the grove player and open all the effects like dolby and dts page to see in screenshots are they work or not just post some screenshots with dolby tuning and dts tab to if you have a sound or not we will understand this if the dolby meters are visible in your screenshots before they are not visible par example
 
Joined
Jan 18, 2016
Messages
121 (0.04/day)
Location
Brasil
System Name Windows 10: Pro Insider x64
Processor i5-3570
Motherboard MSI P67s-C43 B3
Cooling Stock
Memory 16GB DDR3 1333mHz
Video Card(s) GTX 680
Storage 2x Seagate 1TB 6Gbs 1x SSD 128GB
Display(s) LG 23" FLATRON E2355
Case THERMALTAKE CHASER MK-I
Audio Device(s) Receiver Onkyo Tx-NR 757
Power Supply C3 TECH 750W
Mouse THERMALTAKE PHERON
Keyboard A4TECH LED MULTIMEDIA
So Why every one you want these old stuff DTS effects there are only for stereo mode and headphones not for surround configuration over SPDIF
1. like I said before it is not possible to bring back these DTS effects to work without running dtsaudioservice64.exe
2. it is not possible to bring ddl and dts connect at the same time if some modificators here .... are they understand what exactly is LFX and GFX?
3. I know exactly whats happen here and I am not responsable if all of you have no sound and audio drops and errors during testing the tone
4. It is not possible to get dolby home theatre v4 over speakers tab it does not work only because dolby home theatre v4 use x64 based dlls but dolby digital plus work because it use x86 based dlls running on x64bit architecture also dolby audio also Harman and SRS
5. also some laptops with windows creators update dont support these dts effects beause it use large windows page than the normal.. I hope that all of you will understand
6. dont waste your time it is not possible to bring two output format at the same time only one output format is possible

i just want: ddl & dts (w/ dts connect effect in dts tab)

because i use a/v receiver 7.2ch/
 
Top