AMD equivalent term to "CUDA core" is "Stream processor". This is all marketing, both mean the same basic thing.
CUDA is API. Its counterpart/competitor is OpenCL.
As far as they have publicly said, Nvidia does not have the same type of stable-ish ISA for their GPUs as AMD has with GCN. The closest thing to usable ISA for Nvidia GPUs seems to be
PTX which is strictly speaking not ISA but in both functionality and nature more of a middleware (a virtual machine) between actual ISA and API.
It only beats Vega 64 there due to bigger memory bandwidth. On your screenshot, 90Mhz (6%) frequency difference on core can be measurable and 300Mhz deficit on memory speed does not make up for the twofold difference in memory bus width (as they note, Radeon VII still has 45% more memory bandwidth on these settings). By the way, the difference between 84,4 and 81,5 is 3.5% which is less than the clock speed difference on the core.
The source for the screenshots is Computerbase's Radeon VII coverage:
AMD Radeon VII im Test: Zu laut, zu langsam und zu teuer, aber mit 16 GB HBM2 / Sondertests mit der Radeon VII
www.computerbase.de