It's almost like cramming more than 8 physical cores into a desktop-sized package is a challenge... yet AMD has a 12-core desktop CPU available today while Intel has 8 cores, and AMD will have a 16-core model available before Intel's "competing" 10-core CPU launches.
Intel doesn't have to have a counterpart for
every AMD model. The 12-core and especially the 16-core AM4 CPUs will be very low volume products. This will be more a PR win for AMD than a huge loss for Intel.
As long as they remain competitive with 4-, 6- and 8-cores, they will have a solid market share in the consumer market. In terms of revenue in the desktop, laptop and server markets, Intel will remain strong for the next couple of years. The only markets where Intel will "struggle" is in the upper mainstream market (custom builders) and HEDT. These are products with very good margins, but the total revenue is not huge, but these are the markets that matters the most for "everyone" in this forum.
Even if the mainstream lineup of Intel is stuck on 14nm until 2021, the situation isn't as dire as you may think. At least until Zen 3 arrives, Intel have excellent per core performance, and as long as they keep that edge they will be fine. While AMD have an edge in efficiency and higher core counts, most buyers in this segment don't need more than 8 cores.
I surely hope that Intel make better backup plans for the next few years, not to keep market shares, I welcome a more split market, but to push the technology forward. Because that's the biggest tragedy of Intel's 10nm problems; they have a newer and much faster architecture, but just can't make it in greater volumes, so the market stagnates. Even with Intel being stuck at 14nm for now, they could have been in a much better position if they had made a backup plan. If Sunny Cove was also developed for 14nm, they didn't have to chase the 5 GHz boost, and could have had a much higher performing 8-core than right now, with a slightly larger die but better thermals.
As for the "stop-gap" Comet Lake, we don't know much of the finer details. But we do know Intel have excellent per core performance, but falls a little off with heavy multithreaded workloads. Comet Lake is rumored to feature better core-to-core bandwidth, it may get higher base clocks (Cascade Lake-X does ~4 GHz base on 10 cores, so why not?), and hopefully more individual boosting of cores (which is one of AMD's advantages right now), which should be enough to stay relevant up to 8-cores until Zen 3 arrives.
A side note is that Intel did some improvements in Cannon Lake, I wonder why they haven't backported that to other Skylake designs yet.