If a passing photon is a bit too close, it will get trapped in orbit around the black hole. This creates what is called a "photon ring", a perfect ring of light predicted to surround the black hole, inside the inner rim of the accretion disc, but outside the event horizon.
Models of the black hole's surroundings suggest the photon ring should create an intricate substructure consisting of infinite rings of light.
Each successive ring becomes increasingly sharper because its light orbited the black hole more times before reaching the observer.
Hence, in an idealized setting with no absorption, each subring contains a separate, exponentially demagnified image of the entire Universe, with each subsequent subring capturing the visible Universe at an earlier time. Together, the set of subrings are akin to the frames of a movie, capturing the history of the visible Universe as seen from the black hole.