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"Pump-out Effect" Is it real or is it nonsense? Let's discuss...

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I haven't experienced it myself.. but curious if it could be from a lack of mounting pressure? Some guys are afraid to turn screws all the way, or cooler just has a weak mount? My LGMRT on Intel is super tight, but on AM4 I can deal out full titty twisters even after the screws are done turning.. No problem with my new cooler.. she's tight.. Again no pump out though, so it has to be something else.. maybe the formulation of the TIM itself, or some other QC issue somewhere down the line.

I understand thermal expansion cycles, but enough for it to pump out like the name implies leaves me with other questions, mainly on the design of the cooler itself and its mount, or the logic behind the engineering that went into it. I don't know.. I am no engineer.. but had I stayed in school and made better choices who knows lol.

It's always due to a lack of mounting pressure OR due to a convex/concave heatsink/CPU/GPU Core (which means un-uniform mounting pressure). Because if the contact isn't completely level, due to the almighty laws of physics, heat expands, cold contracts, the paste gets shifted around and eventually ends up outside the die.

This is different from paste degradation (separation) where the paste (heat conductive part) ends out outside the die while the die is still covered in silicon oil, which usually only happens with the extreme thermal stresses from direct die applications...I'm not sure if this was an issue with Kryonaut at very high temps (which is why it's only rated to 80C while Kryonaut Extreme isn't), but that was a problem with MX-4.

I don't think people even remember how MX-4 even came into existence. MX-2 used to be the top dog (dethroning Arctic Silver 5--note that Ceramique was NOT made by "Arctic GMBH (or GBMH whatever that German thing is)" but by "Arctic Silver"), but then they made MX-3 which got horrible reviews because it did worse than MX-2 across the board and was sticky and too liquidy. That's why it's so hard to even find information about MX-3, that's how bad it was. So Arctic made MX-4 to fix the flaws in MX-3, but MX-2 actually performed better and seemed more durable!

So now we're back up to MX-5.
 
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What thermal grease do the Aerospace industry use?
 
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Hard to argue with what this video shows. There is virtually no thermal paste left on the heatsink or on the CPU and GPU die where there obviously used to be paste.
It is in fact very easy to argue with what that video shows. This I've seen many times and it's NOT some silly "pump-out effect". It's as simple as the baseplate is nearly perfectly flat and there's no room for much TIM after the heatsink is attached. This is common.
 
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It's as simple as the baseplate is nearly perfectly flat and there's no room for much TIM after the heatsink is attached. This is common.
Would it make any difference if the surface had a slight roughness to it? Something for the paste to grab hold of.
 
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Would it make any difference if the surface had a slight roughness to it? Something for the paste to grab hold of.
Certainly. I think there needs to be some experimentation to flesh out what is really going on. The material behavior that would be required for "pump-out" to be a thing just does not jive.
 
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For me it is the other way round, it is hard to understand how pump out does not happen. One surface moves and carries with it some thermal compound out of the gap, then things cool and the movement reverses, but the compound that was carried out will now find it hard to fit back and some will be scraped by the edge.

Here is more detail of how I visualize things:
  • When hot the heatsink bows outward as well as expanding since the heat is mainly generated around the center, this drives the compound to the periphery.
  • When cooling the heat sink flattens back out so helping chop off the compound that left the chip
 
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Certainly. I think there needs to be some experimentation to flesh out what is really going on. The material behavior that would be required for "pump-out" to be a thing just does not jive.

I've already seen this myself on my 3090 FE. This was with Thermalright TFX and Thermalright Odyssey 1.5mm pads.

When I had Thermalright Odyssey pads, temps rose steadily after a few weeks. First was the core to core hot spot delta increasing. Started at 10C, then ended up at 16C After three weeks.
Then the overall temp increasing under the same ambients (77C-->82C load).

Took off the heatsink and investigated.
There were small sections along the VERY EDGE of the core with no paste on the die at all. Welp, there's your hotspot problem. And there were sections where the paste seemed to have great contact and areas with it poor, in a concentric shape. Igor's lab explains all of this.

Just look at the pictures. You do know who Igor is, right? he used to write reviews for Tom's Hardware.


There's an obvious contact problem. Take a look at the plots and the high resolution scans. Normal people don't have access to such expensive equipment to measure this stuff.



This is what causes your "pump out" which is accelerated by low PSI pressure.
Heatsink contacts paste, thermal cycling shifts the paste around, areas with low contact end up getting even lower contact, some sections get pushed out. Heatsink expands/contracts, paste gets shifted around, until the end user notices something isn't right.

When I tested Kryonaut Extreme on my 3090 FE with the Thermalright pads, the problem was even worse.
Kryonaut Extreme was about 1C worse than TFX starting out (as expected on direct dies, just like shown here):


But after just ONE week, temps had worsened by 5C. FIVE C. Is massive. And it just took one week of gaming and looping Heaven benchmark for it to happen.

I took off the heatsink and was horrified by what I saw.
While the entire die had "paste" on it, the KE was in a really 'swimmy" type pattern, absolutely nothing like what it looked like when I had tested and removed it on my CPU or my other video cards. It looked very similar to what the "soupy MX4" looked like, except the paste was still fully intact (probably was reusable too but I never re-use). The paste was simply too thin for the terrible contact pressure that was happening, but was naturally thicker at first since it was spread thick and had to compress.

Note: I saw this exact same 'swimmy' pattern on my dead Vega 64, when I applied Kryonaut to it and mounted the PCB to the heatsink, but didn't screw in the X-bracket around the die. Left it there for a month, took it off, and saw that same weird "wavy" pattern. And without the X-bracket, mounting pressure was extremely low, so there you go (I noticed this long after I fixed my 3090 FE deltas; I was preparing the dead Vega 64 for selling on ebay as parts).

The cause:
The TR Odyssey 1.5mm pads. 1.0mm were too thin (there would be no contact with the VRM's or VRAM) but the Thermalright pads had a too high shore rating for the leaf spring (unlike AMD cards, only the leaf spring screws helped with mounting pressure!) to compress the pads enough and to keep proper contact with the core! A quick test with "Fujifilm Ultra Low Prescale" contact paper determined my worst fears--there wasn't 'even a mark left on the contact paper!

So yes, extremely low contact pressure also causes pump out (paste flattens, no longer makes proper 'complete' contact due to convex cores, problem exasperated by too hard thermal pads).

Solution:
Stuck with Thermalright TFX, switched out the Thermalright Odyssey 1.5mm pads for Gelid Extreme 1.5mm pads. These pads are much softer and thus compress more easily, giving the leaf spring less work to do.
I didn't take a picture, but a test with Fujifilm Ultra Low Prescale (25-85 PSI rating) showed some nice bright red marks fully around the die, showing MUCH better contact was being made. While it wasn't completely uniform everywhere, at least it was mostly in the pattern of the die, there were actual red marks around the edges, and remember--the first test showed literally no firm contact at all (<25 PSI obviously), so that means changing to softer pads made a gigantic difference. In fact the pressure was showing up as better on the 3090 FE now, than on my (sanded die + IHS relidded) 9900k + NH-D15!

End result:
10-11C Core temp->Core hotspot deltas after 24 days.

I think that's a big win and shows that pump out is a real thing, and is worse with runny paste on imperfect dies and heatsinks.
This was not cheap for me to test. I spent a LOT of money buying different thermal pastes and pads, and I never would have solved this without reading other people's comments about 3080 FE's and 2mm Gelid Extreme pads 'working' vs 2mm Thermalright pads 'having terrible core contact', and eventually put 2 and 2 together (3090 FE's use thinner pads, but it was the same thing re Odyssey hardness vs Gelid Extreme softness).
 
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For me it is the other way round, it is hard to understand how pump out does not happen. One surface moves and carries with it some thermal compound out of the gap, then things cool and the movement reverses, but the compound that was carried out will now find it hard to fit back and some will be scraped by the edge.

Here is more detail of how I visualize things:
  • When hot the heatsink bows outward as well as expanding since the heat is mainly generated around the center, this drives the compound to the periphery.
  • When cooling the heat sink flattens back out so helping chop off the compound that left the chip
Then the pump out effect should be more significant on coolers without heat pipes direct contact or even without heat pipes at all since the temperature gradient would be higher.
 

unclewebb

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I've already seen this myself
Thank you for the informative post.

but that was a problem with MX-4
I have had multiple users tell me about problems with MX-4 when used on laptop CPUs. Things are great at first but in some cases, within one week, the temperatures are already going up and up.

some silly "pump-out effect".
You can come up with a new name for what is going on if you like. This problem is definitely not silly in the world of high performance gaming laptops. Not all pastes are created equal when used at high temperatures with less than great contact pressure between the heatsink and die.

Instead of pump out how about thermal paste that quickly goes to crap? Most thermal paste review sites round up 20 different pastes and test each one for 5 minutes and then move on to the next. They use desktop processors with an integrated heat spreader. These kind of tests are meaningless for laptop owners. Long term tests for laptops running consistently at high temperatures are hard to find.
 
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This problem is definitely not silly in the world of high performance gaming laptops.
I have plenty of experience with performance laptops.
Not all pastes are created equal when used at high temperatures with less than great contact pressure between the heatsink and die.
True on both points!

Instead of pump out how about thermal paste that quickly goes to crap? Most thermal paste review sites round up 20 different pastes and test each one for 5 minutes and then move on to the next. They use desktop processors with an integrated heat spreader. These kind of tests are meaningless for laptop owners. Long term tests for laptops running consistently at high temperatures are hard to find.
This is what needs testing.

There needs to be some lab grade R&D work on this subject to discover what is actually taking place.
 
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I've never experienced pump-out on any of the systems I've built over the years but then I've always been a proponent of spreading just enough paste to very thinly cover a GPU or CPU IHS when ever I've had to remove a cooler to clean it I pay particular attention to how the paste has acted If I see a fair bit around the edges and bog all in the middle then I use less paste when reapplying
 
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I've never experienced pump-out on any of the systems I've built over the years but then I've always been a proponent of spreading just enough paste to very thinly cover a GPU or CPU IHS when ever I've had to remove a cooler to clean it I pay particular attention to how the paste has acted If I see a fair bit around the edges and bog all in the middle then I use less paste when reapplying

Most of the time the surface of IHS are not hot enough to cause issue, and you don't even need the cooler to cover the entire IHS (Intel stock heatsink just has a copper center). On bare die, even if you miss one small part of the die that is enough to cause issue (1 core will exhibit much higher temperature than the others).

I have seen Kryonaut degraded after 3 months on 1080Ti with stock blower (load temp ~ 80C) and after just a few thermal cycles on my laptop with 10875H (load temp ~ 90C). Meanwhile Kryonaut can last a long time on desktop CPU (load temp ~ 60C) and watercooled GPU (Load temp ~40C).

It's safe to assume that high temperature will affect the lifespan of TIM, especially high performance/ low visosity TIM that appear to be wet and easy to spread.
 
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It's always due to a lack of mounting pressure OR due to a convex/concave heatsink/CPU/GPU Core (which means un-uniform mounting pressure). Because if the contact isn't completely level, due to the almighty laws of physics, heat expands, cold contracts, the paste gets shifted around and eventually ends up outside the die.

This is different from paste degradation (separation) where the paste (heat conductive part) ends out outside the die while the die is still covered in silicon oil, which usually only happens with the extreme thermal stresses from direct die applications...I'm not sure if this was an issue with Kryonaut at very high temps (which is why it's only rated to 80C while Kryonaut Extreme isn't), but that was a problem with MX-4.

I don't think people even remember how MX-4 even came into existence. MX-2 used to be the top dog (dethroning Arctic Silver 5--note that Ceramique was NOT made by "Arctic GMBH (or GBMH whatever that German thing is)" but by "Arctic Silver"), but then they made MX-3 which got horrible reviews because it did worse than MX-2 across the board and was sticky and too liquidy. That's why it's so hard to even find information about MX-3, that's how bad it was. So Arctic made MX-4 to fix the flaws in MX-3, but MX-2 actually performed better and seemed more durable!

So now we're back up to MX-5.

Call me old school I trust MX2 got 65G of this paste. Like you said it just durable and thick like the paste of the old days like Artic Silver 5 or Shin-etsu.
 
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I am pumped (couldn't resist) that we have finally gone past the equivalent of

"This car is faster by 1 mph, so it is better"

and are finally considering other factors such as long term reliability.

Hard to understand why some pastes are aging if based on silicone oil which should be good to around 500°C unless it is metal powders that are being used (silver or aluminum) rather than oxides (ceramics)

There needs to be some lab grade R&D work on this subject to discover what is actually taking place.

How to Avoid Pump-out and Achieve Efficient Heat Transfer - Electrolube
"it’s not all about thermal conductivity"

Reliability Testing Of Thermal Greases | Electronics Cooling (electronics-cooling.com)
"To simulate the pump-out effect of grease layers due to the dimensional changes in the package, an accelerated mechanical cycling test was adopted."

Advanced Thermal Management Materials, Jiang, Guosheng, Diao, Liyong, Kuang, Ken, eBook - Amazon.com
 

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500c is a pretty big number.. I would be impressed if it could handle water boiling temps without running away from the heat.
 
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Hard to understand why some pastes are aging if based on silicone oil which should be good to around 500°C unless it is metal powders that are being used (silver or aluminum) rather than oxides (ceramics)


I cannot imagine that this has not already been done by the aerospace industry, military or even electronics industry.

How to Avoid Pump-out and Achieve Efficient Heat Transfer - Electrolube
"it’s not all about thermal conductivity"

Reliability Testing Of Thermal Greases | Electronics Cooling (electronics-cooling.com)
"To simulate the pump-out effect of grease layers due to the dimensional changes in the package, an accelerated mechanical cycling test was adopted."
Don't believe anything that doesn't use the term 'caking'.
The testing has to incorporate evaporative loss of solvate integrity like it happened with the diamond product. Oils are considered non-evaporating, but that is not a tested observation.
 
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260°C will do for me
 

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I think surface tension also plays an important role with pump-out and this can be augmented with surfactants.

Not sure about viscosity; one wants the oil to be able to find its way back in after pump-out and surfactants will also help the oil not separate from the thermal filler.
 
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Not sure about viscosity; one wants the oil to be able to find its way back in after pump-out and surfactants will also help the oil not separate from the thermal filler.
I didn't know about the surfactant part. Perhaps, it is the same with you on viscosity;

Resistance to Shear Stress:​

When synthetic or mineral oils pass through narrow gaps under pressure, shear stress destroys the oil molecules, causing a drop in viscosity.
 
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I didn't know about the surfactant part. Perhaps, it is the same with you on viscosity;


One thing I recall from a course on tribology years back was that some long chains introduced for viscosity align under shear and so no longer function for this purpose, but here we don't really have shear, and as I mentioned above, I don't know if high viscosity is desirable.

My thoughts are on wettability at the moment
Wetting - Wikipedia
and for that the solid-liquid interaction strength should be strong and the liquid-liquid interaction strength should be weak. By solid I have in mind not just the heat-sink and chip but also the thermal filler. Surfactants
Surfactant - Wikipedia
should help and I wonder if they are already being used in thermal greases.
 
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and for that the solid-liquid interaction strength should be strong and the liquid-liquid interaction strength should be weak.
I agree surfactants increase solvant interactions, but don't they increase emulsion/suspension interactions between liquids, had me questioning their value...
 
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Isn't that what we want? to keep the filler from separating from the oil and keep the whole lot stuck to the metal interface.
 
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Isn't that what we want? to keep the filler from separating from the oil and keep the whole lot stuck to the metal interface.
Your source is saying liquid interactions are bad, I'm just basing on your good judgement. I didn't go to tribology engineering, wish I had. :oops:
 
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Which source is that? and anyhow surfactants are for the liquid solid interface. Ah, you mean the liquid-liquid interactions should not overwhelm the liquid-solid ones?

Tribology; worst course I ever took...
 
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