On Adult Swim I saw the Japanese anime adaption of Rick & Morty -- problem is, it wasn't funny at all.
Is it fair to call anime cartoons? It seems deprecatory to me to call anime cartoons, but someone pointed out that Fantasia was called a cartoon.
Anime is animation in Japan. The Simpsons is anime over there. But in America, "Anime" is the particular Japanese style. Its debatable if Teen Titans is "anime", but everyone agrees its "anime-style". Anime is a borrowed word. The word means what we think it should mean. The word's meaning changes depending on who you talk to.
Even under the American definition (which I admit is very ambiguous), anime itself has a variety of styles. There's the relatively realistic and gritty style of Samurai X ("small eyes", muted colors, a lack of cartoon expressions). But there's also the "Chibi" style of say... Isekai Quartet, which is anime (but absolutely a "Cartoon" by American standards).
Maybe the best path forward is to call Isekai Quartet an anime AND a cartoon.
Samurai X is "anime", no cartoon.
And then Kenshin is... the ambiguous one. Despite sharing a story with Samurai X, the art-style is hugely different.
Because Kenshin's "Oro face" is... well... definitely a cartoon influence.
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Early in cartooning history: cartoons were made for adults. "Sleeping Beauty" was based off of the famous Opera, and the Disney classic pulls no punches. But over the 1950s and 1960s, cartoons somehow became a "kids thing". Don't get me wrong: a lot of anime is made for kids (the "Shonen" and "Shojo" genres are for young males and young females respectively). But "anime" never lost its ability to captivate adults... while "Cartoons" lost that ability somehow.
The only "adult cartoons" we have today are Rick and Morty, Simpsons, South Park. A particular sense of crude humor that... is fun and all... but its very rare for an American "cartoon" to actually have the storytelling and drama that is offered by Seinen or Josei anime ("For Adult males" or "For Adult Females"). Perhaps the distinction was made explicit in Japan: where the use of Kanji (the more complex writing style) explicitly segregates the "kids" from the "adult" genres.
But in the USA: our language is uniform between kids and adults. We show our kids "Its a Wonderful World" and "12 Angry Men"... while such movies would have definitely been in the Seinen genre ("For Adults") if done in a anime setting.
EDIT: Disney's Peter Pan is an Isekai. Change my mind. Trololololol.