Switched fully and successfully to Linux over the past two weeks, what an adventure.
On and off, I've tried making the switch for around three years now. There have been so many small problems to solve that it's always been an uphill battle with each install. I've tried Mint, Ubuntu, Fedora, and finally Debian.
Stability has
always been an issue for me when running Linux.
Mint: Worked wonderfully but gaming performance was horrible in that every 3D application had poor frame pacing. Disabling the compositor did not help, nor did setting the CPU governor to performance, nor did setting the GPU to high performance.
Ubuntu: Crashed multiple times daily. Desktop would freeze. Steam would hard lock my system. Discord would also cause hard locks. Audio would still play in the background so I knew the system was running, just not actively refreshing the screen. Snap store applications seemed worse than those I could download directly from manufacturer websites.
Fedora: I didn't get far enough in to Fedora for any real testing. It just didn't feel right with me, likely because I've been utilizing Debian based releases for so long. I found myself writing sudo apt-get install, into the terminal, simply out of muscle memory.
Debian:
Yes. The minute I began researching Debian, I knew it was perfect for me. I much prefer stability to the bleeding edge, especially when I've experienced so many problems running Linux in general. After installing Debian and using it for 48 hours, I didn't have a single hard lock. Steam functioned correctly. Discord worked just fine. Choosing MATE, I was happy to see it defaulted to X11 instead of Wayland, which all of my games seem to prefer. The only problem I've ran into thus far is the scheduler tagging my efficiency cores inappropriately, giving them latency sensitive tasks such as gaming; I did not experience this on Ubuntu or Mint.
I love Debian's stability and I love MATE's simplicity / flexibility. Seeing 2.2 GB of RAM utilized at system idle is insane coming from Windows 11 - which is what encouraged me to make the switch, since 10 is losing support soon. Running Wireshark and seeing no outbound connections is wonderful. In general, Debian 12 has the perfect balance of "do it yourself" (having to enable / configure unattended-updates) for me. I miss the days when updates were optional and my system wasn't speaking to credit score websites hourly.
On to the problems I've encountered with Linux, Debian, software, or my DE:
#1 In /etc/apt/sources.list - I had to remove "cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 7.0.0 _Wheezy_ - Official amd64 CD Binary-1 20130504-14:44]/ wheezy main" from a source list. Software would attempt to install from a local disc source, instead of the official repos.
#2 GDebi isn't a default application / dependencies are on you to solve without it. Having GDebi to me is almost a necessity since it downloads the framework for whichever applications you're attempting to install. I know Debian is meant to be very barebone, so it's not a complaint whatsoever. I was just surprised at how hands-off Debian was in comparison to Mint and Ubuntu.
#3 The built in disk manager for MATE isn't as flexible as I would like. I ended up installing gnome-disk-utility since it's something I've used in the past and certainly find to be more useful than MATE's default disk tool. Of course, everything accomplished in these applications can be done in command line, but I have genuine fears of screwing up when utilizing fstab commands.
#4 The built in AMD drivers for Debian were underperforming on my 6900 XT, at least in some games. The frame rate was half of what I was expecting (and received) after installing the non-free AMD drivers.
#5 MATE Tweak is necessary just to rid yourself of the desktop SSD/HDD icons.
#6 The CPU governor defaults to powersaving on my system. This resulted in pretty atrocious frame times. Solved it with Aptitude + cpufrequtils + editing /etc/default/cpufrequtils to be on Performance mode for all cores. MATE does not have an option to toggle power saver, balanced, or performance. You must do this manually through the text file.
#7 There is no toggle for the compositor on MATE, however, it can be disabled through the terminal via: gsettings set org.mate.Marco.general compositing-manager false - disabling it causes screen tearing on the desktop. I've yet to decide how I should handle this situation. Some games take issue with the compositor being active, but majority do not.
#8 Things I took for granted on Ubuntu (rsync being installed by default, updates being automatic on Ubuntu, etc.) took me by surprise. I had to learn about what wasn't present on Debian by default and how to handle that as a whole.
#9 When using Ubuntu, it defaults to Wayland. I do not like Wayland in it's current form for gaming, I had titles crashing (Hogwarts Legacy) while using Wayland. Applications such as Discord and Steam were also only hard locking my system while using Wayland. When using X11, they would simply lock themselves, causing the applications to error out and crash. Disabling hardware acceleration fixed it for me in Wayland.
#10 RDNA2 GPU's seem to have power throttling issues in Linux. I was using this script
echo high | sudo tee /sys/class/drm/card0/device/power_dpm_force_performance_level
Every time at login to solve the problem. Eventually, I learned that you can simply add: radeon.dpm=0 - to the Grub which disables the dynamic power management / clock scaling.
#11 ASPM was causing lock ups when active, though not outright system crashes. Even though within my BIOS I have ASPM (active state power management) disabled, the OS still needs to have it disabled as well. I had to add: pcie_aspm=off - to the Grub.
#12 Stutters on
everything. CPU stuttering from the performance governor being set to Powersaving. GPU stuttering from RDNA2 power throttling. SSD stuttering due to ASPM hangs (I'm running nvme drives), and stuttering from the compositor being active in some titles. I could go into depth on these problems for multiple paragraphs.
There are a few more problems / troubles I've encountered in the last two weeks, but these are the largest offenders that took me the longest time to find and solve. However, it was worth it. I love Debian and MATE is perfect for me. Having learned so much about things we take for granted on Windows was very humbling. Issues I would solve on Windows with only one or two clicks is ~30 minutes of research on Debian and 10 minutes of applying that newly minted knowledge.