1.
Here is a way to limit any kind of excessive voltage to the CPU and maybe protect it from future degradation.
By finding the "IA VR Voltage Limit" and set it accordingly.
This is on a GIgabyte board but Im sure you will find it (or the equivalent) on your board.
You can set it for example to 1400mV so the CPU never requests more than that.
Take notice that this may cause the CPU to lower high-est frequency and also some performance on single core loads and gaming.
2.
I can see in a screenshot of yours that your CPU exceeds 200W (as the limit I can see is set at 253W)
Clearly you cooling cannot keep up with that amount of heat.
You can lower that too to less than 200W. 170~180W for example.
This will also lower render performance of the CPU and really on any kind of all core load task.
I am sorry but the way I see it your only option is to loose a small amount of the advertised performance so that you CPU longevity can be extended.
Before you get frustrated by this (loss) take a shot at it and see how it turns out to be. Maybe its not all that much (of a loss) after all.
And my suggestion to all 13th/14th gen Intel users is to not fully trust what Intel says on the CPU specs about its limits.
Yes some CPUs have default of 253W and 100C operating limits but those should be under conditions and most likely those conditions was/are bypassed for the sake of competition.
For 1 example, TVB was/has completely ignored in some (if not all) cases.
Always have in mind that high currents along with high temp can potentially (highly) lead to degradation of silicon over time.