Framework Laptop 12 pre-orders are now open, with first shipments in June! We're pricing Framework Laptop 12 as low as we can to bring the Framework mission to as many people as possible. DIY Edition starts at €569/£499/$719 CAD and is available in five colorways: Black, Gray, Lavender, Bubblegum, and Sage. If you prefer not to assemble your laptop, we also have pre-built options in Black in some keyboard languages, starting at €849/£749/$1,079 CAD. Pre-orders are open today in all countries we ship to, with the temporary exception of the US. We shared a blog post earlier today detailing how we're handling the impact of tariffs for US customers.

Framework Laptop 12 is a 12.2", 13th Gen Intel Core-powered notebook that is designed to last. We have robust compatibility with both Linux and Windows 11, i3 and i5 Intel Core processor options, support for up to 48 GB of DDR5 and 2 TB of storage, Wi-Fi 6E, an excellent full-size keyboard, a 50Wh battery, a bright 1920x1200 touchscreen, a 1080p webcam, and USB 3.2, DisplayPort, and power input on all four Expansion Card slots. You can check out the full specs on our website. Even though this product is small and fun, it's also a real computer!

G.SKILL International Enterprise Co., Ltd., the world's leading brand of performance overclock memory and PC components, is thrilled to announce a new high-speed memory overclock DDR5 specification with an ultra-high kit capacity - DDR5-8000 CL44 with 128 GB (64 GB x2) kit capacity. This is the world's first DDR5 memory kit with 64 GB high-capacity modules to reach the extreme overclock level of DDR5-8000, setting a new milestone for high-performance computing, content creation, AI applications, and advanced workstation workloads.

New Era of Overclocking High-Capacity DDR5 64 GB Modules
Engineered for high-capacity overclocked performance, the DDR5-8000 128 GB (64 GB x2) combines ultra-high memory speed with massive memory kit capacity, surpassing the previous module capacity maximum at 48 GB per module. At last, power users and content creators who seek overclock performance memory for capacity-hungry applications will have the ideal DDR5 memory solution. Refer to the validation screenshot below to see DDR5-8000 CL44-58-58 128 GB (64 GB x2) tested on the ASUS ROG CROSSHAIR X870E APEX motherboard with the AMD Ryzen 9 9950X desktop processor.

G.SKILL International Enterprise Co., Ltd., the world's leading brand of performance overclock memory and PC components, is excited to announce the release of three new DDR5 memory specifications with AMD EXPO OC profiles for AMD platforms, including an extreme speed with low-latency at DDR5-8000 CL36-48-48 48 GB (24 GB x2), large-capacity & low-latency DDR5-6000 CL28-36-36 192 GB (48 GB x4), and a new DDR5-6000 CL26-39-39 with 48 GB (24 GB x2) kit capacity. Designed for PC enthusiasts, gamers, content creators, and AI applications, these cutting-edge DDR5 memory kits push the boundaries of speed, latency, and capacity on AMD AM5 platforms.

Pushing the Limits with Extreme DDR5-8000 CL36 24 GB x2
For users seeking top-tier performance, the new DDR5-8000 CL36-48-48 24 GB x2 memory kit with AMD EXPO OC profile is engineered for ultra-high memory speed at low CL36 latency timings. This extreme-speed and low-latency combination is ideal for exceptional system responsiveness and multitasking performance. See below for the Memtest validation screenshot showcasing its stability on the ASUS ROG Crosshair X870E Hero motherboard and AMD Ryzen 9 9900X desktop processor.

G.Skill International Enterprise Co., Ltd., the world's leading brand of performance overclock memory and PC components, is announcing the release of high-speed, low-latency DDR5-6800 CL32 memory specification with large kit capacity of up to 96 GB (2x 48 GB), as well as DDR5-6400 CL28 32 GB (2x 16 GB) high-performance memory specification. These new memory specifications will be available under the G.SKILL Trident Z5 Royal, Trident Z5 RGB, and Ripjaws M5 RGB series, with Intel XMP 3.0 memory overclock profile support.

As G.SKILL continues to push memory performance to higher limits, an ideal memory solution for overclocking enthusiasts who are looking for both large capacity and high performance is born at DDR5-6800 CL32-42-42 at up to 96 GB (2x 48 GB). This new specification has been validated on both Intel Z790 and Z890 platforms. Please refer to the screenshots below for Memtest validation on the ASUS ROG Maximus Z890 Hero motherboard with the Intel Core Ultra 7 265K desktop processor, and the ASUS ROG Maximus Z790 Dark Hero motherboard with the Intel Core i9-14900K desktop processor.

G.SKILL International Enterprise Co., Ltd., the world's leading brand of performance overclock memory and PC components, is announcing the release of low latency DDR5-6400 CL30-39-39-102 memory specification in high-capacity kit configurations, up to 96 GB (2x 48 GB) kit capacity. This high performance memory kit specification will be available under the Trident Z5 RGB and Trident Z5 Royal series, with Intel XMP 3.0 memory overclock profile support.

The G.SKILL DDR5-6400 CL30 memory kit at 96 GB (2x 48 GB) combines high-capacity and low-latency to enable higher performance for memory intensive platforms and uses. The screenshot below shows this 96 GB (2x 48 GB) memory kit operating at DDR5-6400 CL30-39-39-102 with the ASUS ROG Maximus Z890 Hero motherboard and Intel Core Ultra 7 265K desktop processor.

G.SKILL International Enterprise Co., Ltd, the world's leading brand of performance overclock memory and PC components, is thrilled to release new low CAS latency memory kits featuring AMD EXPO overclock profile for the new AMD Ryzen 9000 series processors and performance X870 chipset motherboards. These new specifications include DDR5-6000 CL26 2x16GB/2x32GB kits and 2x 24 GB/2x 48 GB memory kits under the Trident Z5 Royal Neo, Trident Z5 Neo RGB, and Ripjaws M5 RGB Neo series.

Aiming to provide high-performance overclock DDR5 memory for PC enthusiasts, G.SKILL is releasing a new low CAS Latency memory kit at DDR5-6000 CL26-36-36-96 with kit capacity configuration of 32 GB (2x16GB), as well as the world's first 64 GB (2x32GB) kit capacity for this low latency specification. Featuring the AMD EXPO memory overclocking profile, these new specifications are built for selected X870 series motherboards and AMD Ryzen 9000 series processors. The screenshot below demonstrates DDR5-6000 CL26 2x32GB kit's stability under the Memtest memory stress test on the ASUS ROG Crosshair X870E Hero motherboard and AMD Ryzen 9 9900X desktop processor.

GIGABYTE TECHNOLOGY Co. Ltd, a leading manufacturer of premium gaming hardware, today launched the cutting-edge GIGABYTE AMD Radeon PRO W7800 AI TOP 48G. GIGABYTE has taken a significant leap forward with the release of the Radeon PRO W7800 AI TOP 48G graphics card, featuring AMD's RDNA 3 architecture and a massive 48 GB of GDDR6 memory. This significant increase in memory capacity, compared to its predecessor, provides workstation professionals, creators, and AI developers with incredible computational power to effortlessly handle complex design, rendering, and AI model training tasks.

⁠GIGABYTE stands as the AMD professional graphics partner in the market, with a proven ability to design and manufacture the entire Radeon PRO series. Our dedication to quality products, unwavering business commitment, and comprehensive customer service empower us to deliver professional-grade GPU solutions, expanding user's choices in workstation and AI computing.⁠

Kingston Technology Company, Inc., a world leader in memory products, announced the upcoming release of Kingston FURY Renegade DDR5 CUDIMMs, compatible with Intel's new 800-series chipset (formerly codenamed Arrow Lake). Intel's 800-series chipset is the first platform to utilize Clock Drivers on CUDIMMs (Clocked Unbuffered Dual Inline Memory Modules). At 6400 MT/s DDR5, JEDEC mandates the inclusion of a Client Clock Driver (CKD) on UDIMMs and SODIMMs. This component buffers and redrives the clock signal from the processor, enhancing signal integrity to the module. To distinguish these advanced modules from standard DDR5 UDIMMs and SODIMMs, JEDEC has designated them as CUDIMMs and CSODIMMs, respectively.

Kingston FURY Renegade RGB and non-RGB CUDIMM modules start at an overclocked speed of 8400 MT/s and are available as 24 GB single modules and 48 GB dual channel kits. Since CUDIMMs and UDIMMs share the same 288-pin connector, Kingston FURY UDIMMs with XMP and EXPO profiles are also compatible with Intel 800-series motherboards. However, it's recommended to verify compatibility through the motherboard manufacturer's QVL (Qualified Vendor List) or by checking the Kingston Configurator for supported speeds and capacities.

G.SKILL International Enterprise Co., Ltd., the world's leading brand of performance overclock memory and PC components, is excited to announce an ultra-low latency specification of DDR5-6000 CL28-36-36-96 in 32 GB (2x16GB) and 64 GB (2x32GB) kit capacities, and DDR5-6000 CL28-38-38-96 in 48 GB (2x24GB) and 96 GB (2x48GB) kit capacities under the new Trident Z5 Royal Neo series, designed for compatible AMD AM5 platforms. Including AMD EXPO technology for an easy memory overclock experience in BIOS, this overclock performance memory kit with low timing is the ideal DDR5 memory solution for enthusiasts and overclockers.

Optimization with Memory Timing
For enthusiasts and overclockers, memory timing or latency is a key factor in squeezing performance out of a memory kit. Since memory timing is the delay between specific actions, a lower latency is desired; and performance may be improved by finding the best mix of memory speed and latency. Compared to a standard DDR5 memory speed and latency of DDR5-4800 CL40, this new DDR5-6000 CL28 memory specification aims to deliver a more optimized combination on compatible AMD AM5 platforms.

G.SKILL International Enterprise Co., Ltd., the world's leading brand of performance overclock memory and PC components, is excited to announce the Trident Z5 Royal Neo series DDR5 memory, designed for AMD AM5 platforms. Trident Z5 Royal Neo memory comes with AMD EXPO (Extended Profiles for Overclocking) technology, and will be available up to DDR5-8000 CL38-48-48-127 extreme speed memory specification in 32 GB (2x16GB) and 48 GB (2x24GB) kit capacities. With a mirrored finish in gold or silver, this new memory series is the ideal DDR5 memory solution for enthusiasts and overclockers to build a stylish, high-performance AMD PC system.

Luxury-Class DDR5 with AMD EXPO
Following the luxury-class Trident Z5 Royal design with CNC-cut aluminum heatspreader in mirrored-finish gold or silver colors and a crystalline light bar for magnificent RGB lighting, the Trident Z5 Royal Neo is designed for AMD AM5 platforms with AMD EXPO profile. Customizable RGB lighting is supported through the G.SKILL Trident Z Lighting Control software or third-party motherboard lighting software.

The city of Las Vegas late last year added another attraction to its town: the Sphere. The Sphere is a 1.2 million pixel outdoor display venue famous for its massive size and inner 18,600-seat auditorium. The auditorium space is a feat of its own with features like a 16x16 resolution wraparound interior LED screen, speakers with beamforming and wave field synthesis technologies, and 4D physical effects. However, we have recently found out that NVIDIA GPUs power the Sphere. And not only a handful of them, as 150 NVIDIA RTX A6000 power the Sphere and its 1.2 million outside pixels spread on 54,000 m², as well as 16 of 16K inner displays with a total output of 2.1 billion pixels. Interestingly, the 150 NVIDIA RTX A6000 have a combined output cable number of 600 DisplayPort 1.4a ports.

With each card having 48 GB of memory, that equals to 7.2 TB of GDDR6 ECC memory in the total system. With the Sphere being a $2.3 billion project, it is expected to have an infotainment system capable of driving the massive venue. And it certainly delivers on that. Only a handful of cards powers most massive media projects, but this scale is something we see for the first time in non-AI processing systems. The only scale we are used to today is massive thousand-GPU clusters used for AI processing, so seeing a different and interesting application is refreshing.

Chinese GPU manufacturer Moore Threads has announced a significant upgrade to its KUAE data center server. The company now has the ability to connect up to 10,000 GPUs in a single cluster, marking a huge leap in its scale-out capabilities for artificial intelligence and high-performance computing applications. The enhanced KUAE server incorporates eight MTT S4000 GPUs, leveraging Moore Threads' proprietary MTLink interconnect technology. These GPUs, based on the MUSA architecture, each feature 128 tensor cores and 48 GB of GDDR6 memory, delivering a bandwidth of 768 GB/s. While the full performance metrics of a 10,000-GPU cluster remain undisclosed, the sheer scale of 1,280,000 tensor cores suggests decent computing potential. Moore Threads' GPUs currently lag behind NVIDIA's GPU offerings in terms of performance. However, the company claims its MTT S4000 remains competitive against certain NVIDIA models, particularly in large language model training and inference tasks.

The Chinese company is facing significant challenges due to its inclusion on the U.S. Department of Commerce's Entity List, restricting access to advanced manufacturing processes. Despite these obstacles, the firm has secured partnerships with major Chinese state-run telecom operators and technology companies, focusing on developing new computing cluster projects. A recent financing round raised approximately $343.7 million will help Moore Threads' ambitious expansion plans. However, limited access to cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication technologies may constrain the company's future growth. Nonetheless, creating a scale-out server infrastructure with up to 10,000 GPUs is vital for LLM training and inference, especially as Chinese AI labs catch up to Western labs in terms of the performance of their AI models.

GIGABYTE TECHNOLOGY Co. Ltd, a leading manufacturer of premium gaming hardware, today launched the cutting-edge AMD Radeon PRO W7000 series workstation graphics cards, including the flagship GIGABYTE Radeon PRO W7900 Dual Slot AI TOP 48G as well as the GIGABYTE Radeon PRO W7800 AI TOP 32G. Powered by AMD RDNA 3 architecture, these graphics cards offer a massive 48 GB and 32 GB of GDDR6 memory, respectively, delivering cutting-edge performance and exceptional experiences for workstation professionals, creators and AI developers.⁠⁠

GIGABYTE stands as the AMD professional graphics partner in the market, with a proven ability to design and manufacture the entire Radeon PRO series. Our dedication to quality products, unwavering business commitment, and comprehensive customer service empower us to deliver professional-grade GPU solutions, expanding user's choices in workstation and AI computing.

At Computex 2024, we paid a visit to the Patriot booth and found a few new product announcements from the company. From record-shattering DDR5 memory speeds to next-generation Gen 5 SSDs, the company has prepared it all. Headlining the showcase is the Viper Xtreme 5 DDR5 memory series, achieving regular speeds of up to 8,200 MT/s and an astonishing 11,500 MT/s when overclocked. Patriot is also launching something for professional workstations with its overclockable ECC RDIMM modules, offering error correction, larger capacities, and the ability to exceed industry specifications through overclocking.

Patriot Memory, a renowned name in performance memory and storage solutions, has teamed up with MSI, an innovator in gaming hardware, to unleash the Viper Xtreme 5 RGB DDR5 MPOWER Series - an extreme-speed DDR5 memory kit crafted for gamers, overclockers, and power users. This cutting-edge collaboration between the two brands combines blistering data rates up to 8000MT/s with massive 32 GB (16 GB x2) or 48 GB (24 GB x2) capacities. The Viper Xtreme 5 RGB DDR5 MPOWER series unleashes a torrent of memory bandwidth, turbocharging gaming rigs, content creation workstations, and other high-intensity applications demanding extreme responsiveness and throughput.

Optimized for Maximum Overclocking Potential
Intel XMP 3.0 certified for seamless plug-and-play overclocking on the latest Intel platforms, the Xtreme 5 RGB DDR5 MPOWER kit also integrates with MSI's user-friendly EZ Dashboard utility. This enables granular control over advanced timings and voltages to extract every last drop of performance.

NVIDIA and HP Inc. today announced that NVIDIA CUDA-X data processing libraries will be integrated with HP AI workstation solutions to turbocharge the data preparation and processing work that forms the foundation of generative AI development.

Built on the NVIDIA CUDA compute platform, CUDA-X libraries speed data processing for a broad range of data types, including tables, text, images and video. They include the NVIDIA RAPIDS cuDF library, which accelerates the work of the nearly 10 million data scientists using pandas software by up to 110x using an NVIDIA RTX 6000 Ada Generation GPU instead of a CPU-only system, without requiring any code changes.

V-COLOR announces the launch of their DDR5 overclocking R-DIMM the TRX50 Motherboards powered by AMD Ryzen Threadripper 7000 series processors with capacity 192 GB (4x48GB) ready to hit the market in speeds ranging from 6400 MHz up to 7200 MHz for end users who require the maximum capacity and speed. This package is geared toward content makers, intensive 3D modelers, AI programmers, trading machines, and HFT (high frequency trading) firms.

With EXPO ready v-color DDR5 OC R-DIMM memory is ready to for full potential, designed for a diverse user base that includes both non-overclocking users and overclocking enthusiasts, with a specific focus on content creators, intensive 3D modelers, AI programmers, trading machines or HFT (high frequency trading) companies. This kit is meticulously crafted with the most advanced SK Hynix DDR5 chips and Automated Binning sort for more reliability and endurance, continuously tested for full compatibility with all the motherboards TRX50.

Patriot Memory brought their latest ware to the 2024 International CES that use recent advancements in tech on both the SSD and memory fronts. On the SSD front, this year sees 14 GB/s capable PCIe Gen 5 NVMe SSDs thanks to Phison's E26 Max14um controller; and a new crop of USB4 portable SSDs; while the memory front sees DDR5 speeds go far north of DDR5-6000, thanks to on-module CKDs. Patriot showed us examples of each.

First up, there's the Patriot Viper PV573 Gen 5 NVMe SSD. This thing comes in capacities of up to 4 TB, and combines a Phison E26 Max14um controller with Micron's latest B58R TLC NAND flash chips that offer 2400 MT/s per flash channel. The controller also gets some incremental thermal optimizations, which means the cooling solution for the PV573 is a 16.5 mm-tall fan-heatsink. The drive offers up to 14 GB/s sequential reads, with up to 12 GB/s sequential writes. There's also a slightly de-rated version of this drive, the Viper PV553, which has the same combination of controller and NAND flash, but with transfer speeds of up to 12.4 GB/s reads, with up to 11.8 GB/s writes.

Chinese chipmaker Moore Threads has launched its first domestically-produced 1000-card AI training cluster, dubbed the KUAE Intelligent Computing Center. A central part of the KUAE cluster is Moore Threads new MTT S4000 accelerator card with 48 GB VRAM utilizing the company's third-generation MUSA GPU architecture and 768 GB/s memory bandwidth. In FP32, the card can output 25 TeraFLOPS; in TF32, it can achieve 50 TeraFLOPS; and in FP16/BF16, up to 200 TeraFLOPS. Also supported is INT8 at 200 TOPS. The MTT S4000 focuses on both training and inference, leveraging Moore Thread's high-speed MTLink 1.0 intra-system interconnect to scale cards for distributed model parallel training of datasets with hundreds of billions of parameters. The card also provides graphics, video encoding/decoding, and 8K display capabilities for graphics workloads. Moore Thread's KUAE cluster combines the S4000 GPU hardware with RDMA networking, distributed storage, and integrated cluster management software. The KUAE Platform oversees multi-datacenter resource allocation and monitoring. KUAE ModelStudio hosts training frameworks and model repositories to streamline development.

With integrated solutions now proven at thousands of GPUs, Moore Thread is positioned to power ubiquitous intelligent applications - from scientific computing to the metaverse. The KUAE cluster reportedly achieves near-linear 91% scaling. Taking 200 billion training data as an example, Zhiyuan Research Institute's 70 billion parameter Aquila2 can complete training in 33 days; a model with 130 billion parameters can complete training in 56 days on the KUAE cluster. In addition, the Moore Threads KUAE killocard cluster supports long-term continuous and stable operation, supports breakpoint resume training, and has an asynchronous checkpoint that is less than 2 minutes. For software, Moore Threads also boasts full compatibility with NVIDIA's CUDA framework, where its MUSIFY tool translates CUDA code to MUSA GPU architecture at supposedly zero cost of migration, i.e., no performance penalty.

Patriot Memory, a leading manufacturer of high-performance enthusiast memory modules, SSDs, flash storage and gaming peripherals, has announced the upcoming release of Viper Gaming's first-ever collaboration with ASUS' gaming division, TUF Gaming: The Viper Elite 5 TUF Gaming Alliance RGB DDR5 series.

As a bold new take on the recently released Viper Elite 5 performance memory series, the Viper Elite 5 TUF Gaming Alliance RGB DDR5 series is certified by ASUS' TUF Gaming Alliance and features high-performance transfer speeds of up to 6,600MT/s, capacities of up to 48 GB and tuned overclock support for XMP 3.0 and AMD EXPO on select models. The Viper Elite 5 TUF Gaming Alliance RGB DDR5 series offers the latest in top-tier performance for gamers, tech enthusiasts and creatives alike. The Viper Elite 5 TUF Gaming Alliance RGB DDR5 series also features unique branding and design combining Viper Gaming and TUF Gaming alongside the Viper Elite 5's one-of-a-kind matte white heatshield with an RGB lightbar.

CORSAIR, a world leader in enthusiast components for gamers, creators, and PC builders, today launched the much anticipated latest addition to its award-winning memory line-up, DOMINATOR TITANIUM DDR5 memory. Built using some of the fastest DDR5 ICs alongside patented CORSAIR DHX cooling technology for improved overclocking potential, DOMINATOR TITANIUM continues the DOMINATOR legacy with a stunning design and blazing performance.

Sporting an elegant, fresh new aesthetic and built using premium materials and components, DOMINATOR TITANIUM DDR5 memory will be available for both Intel and AMD platforms, supporting Intel XMP 3.0 when paired with 12th and 13th-Gen Core processors or AMD EXPO for Ryzen 7000 CPUs. These technologies enable easy overclocking in just a couple of clicks on compatible platforms.

V-COLOR Technology Inc, a leading memory manufacturer, is proud to present a new speed reached for DDR5 96 GB (2x 48 GB) kit of 7800 CL38.
Aiming to break barriers and elevate performance, with this new high-speed of overclocked 96 GB (2x 48 GB) capacity kit at DDR5-7800 CL38-48-48-126

Testing the limits of DDR5 memory speed, v-color reached DDR5-7800 CL38-48-48-126 at 96 GB (2x48GB) kit configuration, with the ASUS ROG MAXIMUS Z790 APEX and Intel Core i9-13900KF processor. Seamlessly compatible with Intel XMP 3.0, the Manta XPrism RGB DDR5 96 GB (2x 48 GB) ensures a hassle-free and optimized experience. Effortlessly enhance system's performance and achieve the perfect balance between speed and stability.

MSI has been in close contact with the AMD and has referred to their official technical guidance to provide users with a safer and more optimized hardware environment. To achieve this goal, MSI will release a new list of BIOS updates specifically for the AMD Ryzen 7000 series CPU.

According to AMD's design specifications, the Ryzen 7000X3D series CPU does not fully support overclocking or overvoltage adjustments, including CPU ratio and CPU Vcore voltage. However, AMD EXPO technology can be used to optimize memory performance by appropriately increasing the CPU SoC voltage to ensure system stability when operating at higher memory frequencies.

G.SKILL International Enterprise Co., Ltd., the world's leading brand of performance overclock memory and PC components, is announcing the release of additional high-performance overclocked DDR5 memory kits, based on the 24 GB and 48 GB capacity modules, including an incredibly high-speed DDR5-8200 CL40-52-52 48 GB (24 GB x2) specification, as well as a 96 GB (48 GB x2) capacity kit at DDR5-6800 CL34-46-46.

A New High-Speed Frontier with 24 GB x2
Continuing to explore the limits of DDR5 memory speed, G.SKILL has reached an amazing DDR5-8200 CL40-52-52 with the new 24 GB capacity modules. See the screenshot below to see this memory kit tested on the ASUS ROG Maximus Z790 Apex motherboard and Intel Core i9-13900K processor.
The Need for Speed with 96 GB (48 GB x2)
At the higher module capacity of 48 GB, G.SKILL also reached DDR5-6800 CL34-46-46 at 96 GB (48 GB x2) kit capacity. Refer to the screenshot below to check out this high-speed, high-capacity kit tested on the ASUS ROG Maximus Z790 Hero motherboard and Intel Core i9-13900K processor.

Gigabyte is also apparently testing the new BIOS update that should bring non-binary memory support to AMD's 600-series chipset motherboards. With the official AGESA update for AMD X670 and B650 apparently just around the corner, it does not come as a surprise that all motherboard makers are implementing it and testing it on their motherboards.

The latest comes from Gigabyte over at Coolaler forums, showing the AORUS X670E Master motherboard running 192 GB of DDR5 memory. This time around, the memory was running at 6000 MT/s, so the official support is certainly around the corner, even for overclocked kits. Both Corsair and G.SKILL have already announced their own 24 GB and 48 GB modules running at up to DDR5-8000. The official AGESA update is rumored to come in April, but there is no official word from either AMD or various motherboard makers.