Sensor and Performance

The G-Wolves HSK Pro 4K is equipped with the PixArt PAW3395. According to specifications, the 3395 is capable of up to 26,000 CPI, as well as a maximum tracking speed of 650 IPS, which equals 16.51 m/s. Out of the box, four pre-defined CPI steps are available: 400, 800, 1600, and 3200.

All testing was done on the second to last firmware (2023-03-22), which is identical with the latest one (2023-04-22). As such, results obtained on earlier firmware versions may differ from those presented hereafter.

CPI Accuracy

"CPI" (short for counts per inch) describes the number of counts registered by the mouse if it is moved exactly an inch. There are several factors (firmware, mounting height of the sensor not meeting specifications, mouse feet thickness, mousing surface, among others) which may contribute to nominal CPI not matching actual CPI. It is impossible to always achieve a perfect match, but ideally, nominal and actual CPI should differ as little as possible. In this test, I'm determining whether this is the case or not. However, please keep in mind that said variance will still differ from unit to unit, so your mileage may vary.


I've restricted my testing to the four most common CPI steps, which are 400, 800, 1600, and 3200. As you can see, there is no deviation at all, which is a perfect result.

Motion Delay

"Motion delay" encompasses all kinds of sensor lag. Any further sources of input delay will not be recorded in this test. The main thing I'll be looking for in this test is sensor smoothing, which describes an averaging of motion data across several capture frames in order to reduce jitter at higher CPI values, increasing motion delay along with it. The goal here is to have as little smoothing as possible. As there is no way to accurately measure motion delay absolutely without special equipment, it is done by comparison with a control subject that has been determined to have consistent and low motion delay. In this case, the control subject is a Logitech G403, whose PMW3366 sensor has no visible smoothing across the entire CPI range. Note that the G403 is moved first and thus receives a slight head start.

Wired testing

First, I'm looking at two xCounts plots—generated at 1600 and 26,000 CPI—to quickly gauge whether there is any smoothing, which would be indicated by any visible "kinks." The second plot is messy to where assessing anything based on kinks becomes impossible. This is due to tracking not behaving normally at and above 9000 CPI, where smoothing is first applied.


The HSK Pro 4K also allows enabling MotionSync, which effectively synchronizes SPI reads with USB polls, resulting in very low SPI timing jitter as seen above. Once again, 26,000 CPI has smoothing applied and therefore looks very messy.



In order to determine motion delay, I'm looking at xSum plots generated at 1600 and 26,000 CPI, both without (first row) and with (second row) MotionSync. The line further to the left denotes the sensor with less motion delay. Without MotionSync, there is no motion delay differential at 1600 CPI, but a very large, non-linear one at 26,000 CPI, which is significantly larger than it should be, due to a normalization error introduced by a smoothing-related tracking error. MotionSync adds a minor motion delay of roughly 0.5 ms. Though still present, increased onset motion delay due to framerate ramp-up isn't as pronounced as on the Hati-S Plus ACE and 4K.

Wireless testing

Not much changes when running the HSK Pro 4K in wireless mode as SPI timing jitter and general tracking are virtually on the same level as when wired.


This also applies with MotionSync enabled.



Once again, 1600 and 26,000 CPI both without (first row) and with (second row) MotionSync are tested. Without MotionSync, a motion delay differential of roughly 0.5 ms can be measured at 1600 CPI. With MotionSync, a minor motion delay of roughly 0.5 ms is added once again, resulting in a total motion delay differential of roughly 1 ms. 26,000 CPI once again has a larger than intended differential, which is due to a normalization error introduced by a smoothing-related tracking error.

Speed-related Accuracy Variance (SRAV)

What people typically mean when they talk about "acceleration" is speed-related accuracy variance (SRAV for short). It's not about the mouse having a set amount of inherent positive or negative acceleration, but about the cursor not traveling the same distance if the mouse is moved the same physical distance at different speeds. The easiest way to test this is by comparison with a control subject that is known to have very low SRAV, which in this case is the G403. As you can see from the plot, no displacement between the two cursor paths can be observed, which confirms that SRAV is very low.

Perfect Control Speed

Perfect Control Speed (or PCS for short) is the maximum speed up to which the mouse and its sensor can be moved without the sensor malfunctioning in any way. I've only managed to hit a measly 5 m/s, which is within the proclaimed PCS range and results in no observable sign of the sensor malfunctioning.

Polling Rate Stability

Considering the HSK Pro 4K is usable as a regular wired mouse as well, I'll be testing polling rate stability for both wired and wireless use.

Wired testing


All of the available polling rates (125, 250, 500, and 1000 Hz) look nice and stable.

Wireless testing
For wired mice, polling rate stability merely concerns the wired connection between the mouse (SPI communication) and the USB. For wireless mice, another device that needs to be kept in sync between the first two is added to the mix: the wireless dongle/wireless receiver. I'm unable to measure all stages of the entire end-to-end signal chain individually, so testing polling-rate stability at the endpoint (the USB) has to suffice here.


First, I'm testing whether SPI, wireless, and USB communication are synchronized. Any of these being out of sync would be indicated by at least one 2 ms report, which would be the result of any desynchronization drift accumulated over time. Most of the time, there aren't any periodic off-period polls that would be indicative of a desynchronization drift, but occasionally some creep in, as seen in the second plot.



Second, I'm testing the general polling-rate stability of the individual polling rates in wireless mode. Running the HSK Pro 4K at a lower polling rate can have the benefit of extending battery life. For the most part, all of the available polling rates look and perform fine, but occasionally, outliers show up, as seen below:


I'm unable to reproduce this consistently.

Paint Test

This test is used to indicate any potential issues with angle snapping (non-native straightening of linear motion) and jitter, along with any sensor lens rattle. As you can see, no issues with angle snapping can be observed. No jitter is visible at 1600 CPI. 8950 CPI is the highest step without smoothing, and shows minor jitter which is swiftly taken care of by the smoothing introduced at 9000 CPI. 26,000 CPI shows moderate to major jitter despite the second level of smoothing being applied. Lastly, there is no sensor lens movement.

Lift-off Distance

The HSK Pro 4K offers two pre-defined LOD levels. At the "Low" setting, the sensor does not track at a height of 1 DVD (<1.2 mm). Using the "High" setting, the sensor does track at a height of 1 DVD (1.2 mm<x<2.4 mm, with x being LOD height), but not at a height of 2 DVDs. Keep in mind that LOD may vary slightly depending on the mousing surface (pad) it is being used on.

Click Latency

In most computer mice, debouncing is required to avoid double clicks, slam-clicks, or other unintended effects of switch bouncing. Debouncing typically adds a delay, which, along with any potential processing delay, shall be referred to as click latency. In order to measure click latency, the mouse has been interfaced with an NVIDIA LDAT (Latency Display Analysis Tool). Many thanks go to NVIDIA for providing an LDAT device. More specifically, the LDAT measures the time between the electrical activation of the left main button and the OS receiving the button-down message. Unless noted otherwise, the values presented in the graph refer to the lowest click latency possible on the mouse in question. If a comparison mouse is capable of both wired and wireless operation, only the result for wireless (2.4 GHz) operation will be listed.

Much like on other G-Wolves releases, exclusively using the latest software in conjunction with the latest firmware is strongly recommended.

Unless specified otherwise, only the lowest debounce setting ("A") has been used. In wired mode at 1000 Hz, click latency has been measured to be roughly 0.6 ms, with standard deviation being 0.20 ms. In wireless mode at 1000 Hz, click latency has been measured to be roughly 0.8 ms, with standard deviation being 0.25 ms. In wireless mode at 2000 Hz, click latency has been measured to be roughly 0.8 ms, with standard deviation being 0.18 ms. Finally, in wireless mode at 4000 Hz, click latency has been measured to be roughly 0.6 ms, with standard deviation being 0.09 ms. When using the "B" setting, click latency is 1.0 ms for wired 1000 Hz and 1.4 ms for wireless 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz.

The main button switches were measured to be running at 1.970 V. I'm not aware of the voltage specifications of the Zippy DF3-P1L1 (60 M) switches, but find this voltage to be rather low.