i probably made the wrong choice by buying budget 1tb ssd for my birthday,
I don't agree - unless this new 1TB SSD is a basic SATA drive you swapped in to replace a fast M.2 NVME PCIe drive - and I doubt you did that. Even the slowest SSD will run circles around the fastest hard drive - even hybrid hard drives. With a decent CPU and a big chunk of RAM, drive performance become much less important.
10105F isn't a complete weakling
Well, close to it, unfortunately.
I think you should concentrate your research and budget on a new CPU first. As i3's go, well, the i3-10105F is not among the better i3's for gaming. In fact,
TechReviewer said the 10105F over all is "mediocre" for game performance - except for single-core turbo performance on graphics-intensive games (with a high end cooler). But other categories were rated as poor and mediocre.

Other reviews are similar.
But of course, it is not an expensive CPU either so the above can't really be held as criticisms as the expectations should not be high.
In any case, if me, I would go for a better CPU first. So I suggest you start by reviewing your motherboard's
CPU Support List and find a decent i5 within your budget.
After that, since your board only has 2 RAM slots, maybe consider replacing your current 2 x 8GB of RAM with 2 x 16GB for 32GB total. Replacing your RAM most likely will cost you less than replacing your graphics solution.
And to that, your graphics card is a decent card - for its age. But it is getting old. HOWEVER I have two concerns when it comes to upgrading your card. (1) That is a mini card. Why? Looking at the specs of the Chiptronex C100, it is a mid-tower case that should support standard size cards. So why buy a mini? Does that motherboard restrict size? So do. Do your homework. You don't want to buy a new card that will not physically fit.
And (2), since graphics cards are often the most power hungry components in our computers, it is often necessary to up the power supply to support a new card. 550W would support many larger cards, and while Corsair does make some great PSUs, their CX line is their entry-level budget line. If this were me and I was going to upgrade my CPU and graphics, I would upgrade to a better and bigger PSU too. Perhaps a 650W Gold from a reputable maker.