RX 7900 XTX and RX 7900 XT Dimensions and Size Comparisons
The AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX is a significantly smaller card than the NVIDIA RTX 4080 Founders Edition (which itself was considered among the most compact RTX 4080 custom-designs). The card measures 28.7 cm in length, 12.5 cm in height, and is 2.5-slots thick (well, triple-slot but with some space to draw in air). It weighs 1.809 kg.
The Radeon RX 7900 XT is a physically smaller card than the RX 7900 XTX—unlike the previous generation, where the RX 6800 XT and RX 6900 XT had the same dimensions. The RX 7900 XT measures 27.7 cm in length and 11.2 cm in height, weighing 1.533 kg.
These pictures give you some more perspective of how the RX 7900 XTX and RX 7900 XT differ in size.
Here's the RX 7900 XT placed on top of the RX 7900 XTX, when viewed from the top, to highlight the parts of the latter that stick out.
Comparing the RX 7900 XTX to its predecessors from the past two generations, the RDNA 2 RX 6900 XT and the RDNA RX 5700 XT, you can see that AMD has had better luck in containing the size of its cards than NVIDIA. The RX 5700 XT, RX 6900 XT, and RX 7900 XT have the same 26.7 cm board length, and the RX 7900 XTX is just 2 cm longer. When compared to NVIDIA cards from the past two generations, you'll note that the RX 7900 XT is roughly the same size as the RTX 3080 Founders Edition, but both the RX 7900 XT and RX 7900 XTX are dwarfed by the giant RTX 3090 Ti and RTX 4090/4080.
The RTX 4080 Founders Edition is 3 slots thick, pushing to the very edge of what constitutes 3 slots, whereas the RX 7900 XTX and RX 7900 XT are 2.5 slots. You'll still need 3 slots in your case, but the lower thickness makes for better access to airflow—helpful in vertical mounting situations where your case's side panel is close to the intakes.