Test Setup

All measurements were performed using two Chroma 6314A mainframes equipped with the following electronic loads: six 63123A [350 W each], one 63102A [100 W x2], and one 63101A [200 W]. The aforementioned equipment is able to deliver 2500 W of load, and all loads are controlled by a custom-made software. The AC source is a Chroma 6530 capable of delivering up to 3 kW of power. We also used a Keysight DSOX3024A oscilloscope, a Rigol DS2072A oscilloscope kindly sponsored by Batronix, a Picoscope 3424 oscilloscope, a Picotech TC-08 thermocouple data logger, two Fluke multimeters (models 289 and 175), a Keithley 2015 THD 6.5 digit bench DMM, and a lab-grade N4L PPA1530 3-phase power analyzer along with a Yokogawa WT210 power meter. We also included a wooden box, which, along with some heating elements, was used as a hot box. Finally, we had at our disposal three more oscilloscopes (Rigol VS5042, Stingray DS1M12 and a second Picoscope 3424) and a Class 1 Bruel & Kjaer 2250-L G4 Sound Analyzer we equipped with a type 4189 microphone that features a 16.6-140 dBA-weighted dynamic range. You will find more details about our equipment and the review methodology we follow in this article. We also conduct all of our tests at 40-45 °C ambient to simulate the environment seen inside a typical system more accurately, with 40-45 °C being derived from a standard ambient assumption of 23 °C and 17-22 °C being added for the typical temperature rise within a system.

We use a GPIB-USB controller to control the Chroma 6530 source, which avoids its very picky Serial port. This controller was kindly provided by Prologix.



To protect our very expensive Chroma AC source, we use an OLS3000E online UPS with a capacity of 3000VA/2700W.

Primary Rails Load Regulation

The following charts show the voltage values of the main rails and include the deviation (in percent) for the same load range. These voltage values start at 60 W and go to the maximum specified load.

5VSB Regulation

The following chart shows how the 5VSB rail deals with the load we throw at it.

Hold-up Time

Hold-up time is a very important PSU characteristic and represents the amount of time, usually measured in milliseconds, a PSU can maintain output regulations as defined by the ATX specification without input power. In other words, it is the amount of time a system can continue to run without shutting down or rebooting during a power interruption. The ATX specification sets the minimum hold-up time to 17ms with the maximum continuous output load.

According to the ATX specification, PWR_OK is a "power good" signal. This signal should be asserted as high on the 5V rail by the power supply to indicate that the +12V, 5V, and 3.3V outputs are within the regulation thresholds and that sufficient mains energy is stored by the APFC converter to guarantee a system's continuous operation for at least 17ms. Conversely, PWR_OK should be de-asserted to a low state, 0V, when any of the +12V, 5V, or 3.3V output voltages fall below the under-voltage threshold or when mains power has been removed for long enough to guarantee that a power supply isn't operating anymore. The AC loss to PWR_OK minimum hold-up time is set to 16 ms, which is less than the hold-up time described above, but the ATX specification also sets a PWR_OK inactive-to-DC loss delay that should be higher than 1 ms. This means that the AC loss to PWR_OK hold-up time should be lower than the PSU's overall hold-up time to ensure that the power supply doesn't send a power good signal once any of the +12V, 5V and 3.3V rails are out of spec.

In the following screenshots, the yellow line is representative of the +12V rail; the blue line is the mains signal and the green line is the "Power Good" signal.







The Power Ok signal lasts longer than 16ms and the hold-up time is longer than 17ms, so everything is fine in these tests.

Inrush Current

Inrush current, or switch-on surge, refers to the maximum instantaneous input current drawn by an electrical device when it is first turned on. Because of the charging current of the APFC capacitor(s), PSUs produce large inrush current right as they are turned on. Large inrush current can cause the tripping of circuit breakers and fuses and may also damage switches, relays, and bridge rectifiers; as a result, the lower a PSU's inrush current right as it is turned on, the better.



While inrush current is on the high side, you won't have to worry about it since it stays below 50 A.

Load Regulation and Efficiency Measurements

The first set of tests revealed the stability of the voltage rails and the HGX550's efficiency. The applied load was equal to (approximately) 10%-110% of the maximum load the PSU can handle, in 10% steps.

We conducted two additional tests. In the first test, we stressed the two minor rails (5V and 3.3V) with a high load while the load at +12V was only 0.10 A. This test reveals whether the PSU is Haswell ready or not. In the second test, we dialed the maximum load the +12V rail can handle while the load on the minor rails is minimal.

Load regulation at +12V, 5V, and 3.3V might not be incredibly tight, but it is absolutely fine for a unit of this category since those rails deviated by no more than 2%. Only the 5VSB rail deviated by more than 3%, but this rail's load regulation isn't as important so long as it is within specification. Efficiency is high enough and peaks at 50% load. The HGX550 also delivered its full load and more at 45 °C ambient for a long period of time without any problems, which shows that it can handle tough operating conditions without breaking a sweat.

The fan's profile is weird and justifies our opinion that the fan-control themistor is poorly placed. This is probably the first time we have come across a PSU whose fan slows down as the applied load increases, which is due to voltage drops at +12V since the fan draws its power from the rail. The fan-control circuit doesn't compensate for this rail's lower voltage levels as the applied load increases, which has the fan slow down as input voltage decreases; the control circuit's regulator would normally compensate for such drops by adjusting the fan's voltage accordingly.

With the fan spinning at such fast speeds, this PSU isn't among the quietest we have ever tested; however, you can't call it a loud, either. The major problem here is that its fan spins at around 1200 RPM from the get-go. The HGX450's fan, on the other hand, initially only spins at 700 RPM.