Today, at Lattice Developers Conference 2024, Lattice Semiconductor expanded its edge to cloud FPGA innovation leadership with the launch of exciting new hardware and software solutions. The new Lattice Nexus 2 next-gen small FPGA platform and the first device family based on the platform, Lattice Certus -N2 general purpose FPGAs, offer advanced connectivity, optimized power and performance, and class-leading security. Lattice also announced new mid-range FPGA device capacity options - Lattice Avant 30 and Avant 50 - and new versions of Lattice design software tools and application-specific solution stacks to help accelerate customer time-to-market.

"At Lattice, we are proud to lead technological advancements in low power, small form factor FPGAs, ensuring our customers have the optimal devices, tools, and solutions to design groundbreaking applications that are power efficient, fast, and secure," said Esam Elashmawi, Chief Strategy and Marketing Officer, Lattice Semiconductor. "From the edge to the cloud across a variety of industries, FPGAs stand at the forefront of innovation, and we're committed to delivering versatile and robust small and mid-range FPGA solutions that enable our customers and partners to unlock their full potential."

HighPoint's RocketAIC 6542AWW has established a new milestone for turnkey NVMe Storage. Despite the external RAID solution's tidy dimensions (it stands only 4.84 inches tall, 8.27 inches deep, and 9.25 inches in length), it is equipped with eight of Solidigm's D5-P5336 NVMe SSDs, and provides an astonishing 491.52 TB of enterprise storage capable of delivering 28GBs of real-world transfer speed; ideal for Edge Applications that demand fast, high-density storage solutions with small hardware footprint.

The compact external storage chassis' integrated power supply and powerful cooling system enable the NVMe media to be completely isolated from the host hardware platform. Not only does this free up interior space for the host server or workstation, it can significantly improve reliability and efficiency by offsetting power consumption and ensuring that waste heat generated by the SSDs never enters the computing environment.

ADATA has launched the Legend 860 M.2 NVMe Gen 4 SSD series, aimed at mid-range users seeking a fast and reliable storage solution for PCs, laptops, or PS5 devices. Utilizing the PCIe Gen 4 x4 interface, the Legend 860 delivers sequential read and write speeds of up to 6,000 MB/s and 5,000 MB/s, respectively—three times faster than standard PCIe Gen 3 SSDs and ten times faster than SATA SSDs.

The lineup consists of three models with capacities of 500 GB, 1 TB, and 2 TB, each equipped with a slim aluminium heatsink. The ADATA Legend 860 utilizes 3D NAND flash chips and incorporates an SLC cache algorithm, HMB (Host Memory Buffer) technology, and an LDPC (Low-Density Parity Check) error correction mechanism, providing up to 640 TB TBW (Terabytes Written). ADATA offers a 5-year limited warranty, though pricing has not yet been disclosed.

Patriot Memory, a leading manufacturer of high-performance gaming memory modules, SSDs, flash memory, and gaming peripherals, today announced the launch of its latest innovation under the Viper Gaming brand: the Viper PV573 PCIeGen5 x4 M.2 2280 SSD. This product reinforces Patriot's leadership in cutting-edge technology, pushing speed boundaries beyond its predecessor, the PV553.

The Viper PV573 SSD utilizes advanced 3D NAND vertical stacking technology, significantly enhancing storage density while reducing power consumption and delivering faster read and write speeds. This innovation also improves durability, making it a reliable choice for users with demanding storage needs. With capacity options of up to 4 TB, the Viper PV573combines powerful performance in a compact, portable form factor, achieving the perfect balance of high capacity and efficiency within a small footprint.

MSI is thrilled to introduce the MS-CF17, a powerful 3.5" Single Board Computer (SBC) tailored for a wide range of industrial applications. Powered by Intel 13th Gen Raptor Lake-P processors, the MS-CF17 is ideal for use in industrial automation, edge computing, digital signage, and transportation systems. The MS-CF17 is designed to excel in harsh environments, offering fanless operation and a wide temperature range (-40°C to 70°C). This makes it perfect for settings where reliability and performance are crucial, such as in factory automation or outdoor digital signage installations. The board supports up to 32 GB of DDR5 memory and features built-in Intel Iris Xe graphics engine, making it suitable for graphics-intensive tasks like advanced imaging systems and AI-driven analytics.

Connectivity options are abundant, with four 2.5G LAN ports, four HDMI ports supporting quadruple independent displays, M.2 M key PCIe Gen 4 for storage and M.2 B/E key slots for expansions, allowing for seamless integration into complex systems. This flexibility makes the MS-CF17 a go-to solution for applications requiring high-speed data processing, multi-display setups, and real-time analytics. Additionally, the onboard TPM 2.0 provides enhanced security, crucial for applications where data protection is paramount.

Transcend Information Inc. (Transcend), a global leader in industrial memory storage, is proud to announce its first industrial-grade PCIe M.2 22110 SSD, the MTE730P. This SSD features Power Loss Protection (PLP) technology, ensuring robust data integrity even in the most demanding environments. With PCIe Gen 4 performance and capacities of up to 4 TB, the MTE730P meets the needs of high-end industrial automation, blade servers, data centers, and other modern storage applications.

Power Loss Protection: Create Higher Data Integrity
The MTE730P's Power Loss Protection (PLP) technology is a critical feature for applications such as automated manufacturing, medical systems, transportation systems, and financial transaction. It ensures that the built-in tantalum capacitors provide power to the controller and DRAM cache during power fluctuations or outages, guaranteeing maximum data integrity and security.

Lexar, a leading global brand of flash memory solutions, is excited to announce the PLAY 2280 PCIe Gen 4.0 SSD. Delivering blazing performance of 7400 MB/s max read and 6500 MB/s max write, this SSD is made to live up to hardcore gamers' demands, ensuring reduced load times and seamless gameplay. Tested and approved for the PS5, this drive provides additional storage and allows gamers to play directly from the drive, so they don't need to transfer or delete files from their consoles. The included heatsink, optimized for PS5, allows the console to maintain peak performance and power efficiency. With capacity up to 8 TB, users can store about 150+ AAA games and an endurance rating of 6400 TBW offers assurance about the drive's stability.

The PLAY 2280 PCIe 4.0 SSD can also be used for PC gaming. It features HMB and SLC Dynamic cache which deliver improved performance, accelerated data access speeds, and enhanced overall responsiveness when used with a PC.

GIGABYTE today debuted its AMD 800-series motherboards with the launch of the premium X870E AORUS Master. This will go on to be the company's second most premium product on this chipset, as the company is also planning the X870E AORUS Xtreme. The AORUS Master is still packed to the gills with everything this chipset has to offer, along with high-end onboard devices. The board is built in the ATX form-factor, and draws power from a combination of 24-pin ATX and two 8-pin EPS power connectors. It offers a 16+2+2 phase digital VRM featuring 110 A power stages. The board is laid out on a premium 8-layer PCB. You get tall extruded aluminium heatsinks for the CPU VRM, and the topmost M.2 NVMe Gen 5 slot.

The AMD Socket AM5 is wired to four DDR5 DIMM slots that support up to 192 GB of dual-channel DDR5, at speeds of over DDR5-8000. It also puts out no less than three M.2 NVMe Gen 5 slots. Two of these are wired to the dedicated x4 interfaces from the AMD "Raphael" or "Granite Ridge" processor, while one of them subtracts 4 lanes from the board's PCI-Express 5.0 x16 PEG slot. The board's fourth M.2 NVMe slot is Gen 4, and wired to the chipset. The only other expansion slots are a couple of PCI-Express 4.0 x16 (electrical Gen 4 x1). Besides the M.2 slots, you get four SATA 6 Gbps ports completing the board's storage connectivity.

ATP Electronics, a global leader in specialized storage and memory solutions, proudly announces the launch of the N751Pi PCIe Gen 4 NVMe M.2 2280 SSDs, which set a new industry standard with unmatched endurance among industrial solid state drives (SSDs) configured with pseudo single-level cell (pSLC) NAND.

The groundbreaking 150K P/E cycling configuration of NAND was achieved, thanks to a combination of ATP's exceptional strengths — from the use of prime NAND package, stringent NAND integrated circuits (IC) characterization and 100% NAND screening and validation capabilities, to ATP's own-developed firmware, specialized hardware configurations, and technologies.

addlink Technology Co., Ltd., a global leader in high-performance storage solutions, proudly announces the launch of its groundbreaking new SSDs designed specifically for NAS storage systems: the NAS D60 and D20 SSDs. These cutting-edge SSDs are poised to set new standards in speed, reliability, and capacity, transforming the NAS storage landscape.

addlink's NAS D60 and D20 SSDs exemplify the company's dedication to innovation and quality. These products are meticulously designed to meet the rigorous demands of modern NAS users, providing reliable, high-performance storage solutions that enhance productivity and data management. Whether for home use or enterprise-level applications, the NAS D60 and D20 offer unmatched performance, endurance, and value.

Since its reveal last week, we got a slightly more technical deep-dive from AMD on its two upcoming processors—the "Strix Point" silicon powering its Ryzen AI 300 series mobile processors; and the "Granite Ridge" chiplet MCM powering its Ryzen 9000 desktop processors. We present a closer look into the "Strix Point" SoC in this article. It turns out that "Strix Point" takes a significantly different approach to heterogeneous multicore than "Phoenix 2." AMD gave us a close look at how this works. AMD built the "Strix Point" monolithic silicon on the TSMC N4P foundry node, with a die-area of around 232 mm².

The "Strix Point" silicon sees the company's Infinity Fabric interconnect as its omnipresent ether. This is a point-to-point interconnect, unlike the ringbus on some Intel processors. The main compute machinery on the "Strix Point" SoC are its two CPU compute complexes (CCX), each with a 32b (read)/16b (write) per cycle data-path to the fabric. The concept of CCX makes a comeback with "Strix Point" after nearly two generations of "Zen." The first CCX contains the chip's four full-sized "Zen 5" CPU cores, which share a 16 MB L3 cache among themselves. The second CCX contains the chip's eight "Zen 5c" cores that share a smaller 8 MB L3 cache. Each of the 12 cores has a 1 MB dedicated L2 cache.

MSI introduced the PRO B650-A WIFI, a feature-rich entry-mainstream Socket AM5 motherboard under its PRO series. Built in the standard ATX form-factor, the board features a 6-layer PCB, and includes heatsinks for all its M.2 slots, The board draws power from a 24-pin ATX and two 8-pin EPS power connectors and uses a 14+2+1 phase VRM solution that's capable of even the top 170 W TDP Ryzen 9 chips. The CPU socket is wired to four DDR5 DIMM slots, a PCI-Express 4.0 x16 slot, and two M.2 NVMe Gen 4 slots. The board's third M.2 Gen 4 slot is wired to the B650 FCH.

The MSI PRO B650-A WIFI offers a fairly premium onboard audio solution driven by a Realtek ALC4080 CODEC. USB connectivity includes a 20 Gbps USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 type-C port, three 10 Gbps USB 3.2 Gen 2 type-A, four 5 Gbps USB 3.2 Gen 1, and a few USB 3.2 and USB 2.0 ports by internal headers. Display outputs include HDMI and DisplayPort. Networking connectivity includes a 2.5 GbE interface driven by a Realtek 8125B controller, and an AMD/Mediatek sourced WLAN module with Wi-Fi 6E and Bluetooth 5.3. Besides the three M.2 Gen 4 slots, you get four SATA 6 Gbps ports. The board supports USB BIOS Flashback. The company didn't reveal pricing.

Western Digital stealthily introduced a spacious 8 TB variant of its performance WD Black SN850X M.2 NVMe Gen 4 SSD. The drive debuted in 2022 and had topped off at 4 TB. The new 8 TB variant is priced at $849 for the bare drive (without heatsink, model number WDS800T2X0E), and $899 with the PS5-friendly heatsink (model: WDS800T2XHE). The drive combines an in-house controller by Western Digital, with KIOXIA-sourced 3D TLC NAND flash. We're not sure if it's using the same 112-layer BiCS5 that the 4 TB variant does.

Western Digital claims performance figures of up to 7200 MB/s sequential reads, up to 6600 MB/s sequential writes, and up to 1.2 million IOPS 4K random reads/writes. The read speed is a touch lesser than the 7300 MB/s max sequential reads of the 4 TB variant. The write endurance of the 8 TB variant is rated at an impressive 4,800 TBW. Built in the M.2-2280 form-factor the drive takes advantage of the PCI-Express 4.0 x4 interface. Western Digital is backing these drives with 5-year warranties.

ATP Electronics, the global leader in specialized storage and memory solutions, proudly unveils the N651Si Series E1.S solid state drives (SSDs), which offer best in class performance, endurance, and data retention capabilities for the most demanding applications.

Supporting industrial temperature operating range (-40°C to 85°C) along with hardware power loss protection (HW PLP), the new SSDs offer the highest levels of reliability and total cost of ownership value in harsh environments, making them especially beneficial for mission-critical applications running under extreme temperatures, such as automotive, data logger, data centers, and defense/aerospace. Engineered for 1U Edge servers, the EDSFF offering with 9.5 mm symmetrical enclosure is available with up to 8 TB capacity and is constructed with 512 Gb prime NAND die 176-layer 3D triple level cell (TLC).

Lenovo announced the ThinkCenter Neo Ultra, a compact high-performance desktop meant for power users and creative professionals. This desktop is larger than what would qualify as a mini-PC, with its 3.6 L volume, but is significantly smaller than a tower. Despite its compact size, it comes with a full-featured I/O. The desktop is powered by Intel's 14th Gen Core vPro "Raptor Lake Refresh" platform, and uses a custom form-factor desktop motherboard based on Intel Q670 chipset that supports various commercial desktop features under vPro. The processor and memory are socketed and hence user upgradeable.

Processor options range from the Core i5-14500 (6P+8E), going all the way up to the Core i9-14900 (8P+16E), including vPro and regular SKUs; and energy-efficient "T" SKUs. Memory options range from 16 GB (1x 16 GB) up to 64 GB (2x 32 GB) DDR5-4800. The sole graphics option is an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 desktop GPU, all four of its display connectors are directly wired out on the rear I/O. There are two M.2-2280 Gen 4 slots, storage options range from 1x 256 GB Gen 4, to 2x 1 TB Gen 4. Networking connectivity include 2.5 GbE and Wi-Fi 6E. USB ports include a 20 Gbps USB 3.2 Gen2x2 type-C on the front-panel, two 10 Gbps USB 3.2 Gen 2, and four additional USB 3.2 type-A ports at the back. The case measures 195 mm x 191 mm x 108 mm, and depending on the configuration, can weigh around 3.5 kg.

At Computex this year, Biwin also showcases a range of PCIe M.2 2280 SSDs, spanning from PCIe Gen 5 and Gen 4 to PCIe Gen 3. The reason behind this diverse lineup seems to be Biwin's intention to cater to users who may not have newer systems but still wish to benefit from PCIe M.2 storage advantages at lower costs. For PCIe Gen 5, Biwin has the X570 M.2 SSDs (512 GB, 1 TB, 2 TB, 4 TB) that are capable of reaching speeds of up to 14500 MB/s sequential read, 14000 MB/s sequential write.

For users with PCIe Gen 4 platforms, Biwin shows the NV7400 M.2 (and NV7400 Heatsink) SSDs that reach speeds up to 7450 MB/s read, and 7200 MB/s write, and NV7200 (7200 MB/s read, 6200 MB/s write). Both come with 512 MB, 1 TB, 2 TB, and 4 TB capacities. Now for even older platforms, Biwin has the NV3500 PCIe 3.0 SSD, capable of 3500 MB/s read, and 3000 MB/s write speeds (max), and is available with 512 GB, 1 TB, and 2 TB capacities.

You may have heard about Apex's new storage solution called the X21, we wrote about it a while ago. If not, let us remind you that is a huge single expansion card that can hold up to 21 M.2 solid-state drives (SSDs), which is incredible. Apex has also made x16 versions of this card, and it is currently in the late testing stage. The back side of the Apex X16 has 8 M.2 slots, giving it a total of 16 M.2 slots. Although these two cards are impressive with their unmatched speed and capacity, Apex is not stopping there.

Today, we are showing some early pictures and benchmark numbers of the Sabrent Apex X16 Rocket 5 Destroyer. As you can see, this new 5th generation (Gen 5) card from Apex holds 16 of Sabrent's Rocket 5 4 TB SSDs. This gives it a maximum capacity of 64 TB using the fastest Gen 5 SSDs on the market. The expansion card uses a single PCIe Gen 5 x16 slot, which leaves plenty of space for other cards or even another X16 card. Multiple X16 cards can be combined, or it can be paired with other Apex series cards like the Sabrent Apex X21 Destroyer, for a total of 168 TB of incredible 4th generation (Gen 4) speeds. The Sabrent Apex X16 Rocket 5 AIC can reach amazing speeds of 56 GiB/s Seq Reads and 54 GiB/s Seq Writes. For 4K Random IOPS, it can reach 20 million 4K Reads and 19 million Write IOPS. The Sabrent Apex X16 Rocket 5 will be available to order soon.

German PC OEM Schenker, along with its two brands—XMG targeted at high-performance mobile workstations and gaming notebooks; and Tuxedo, targeting Linux-friendly notebooks; made a splash at the 2024 Computex. We visited their pullout booth. The EVO 14 is a 14-inch class performance notebook powered by choices of Intel Core Ultra 7 155H "Meteor Lake" or AMD Ryzen 7 8845HS "Hawk Point" mobile processors; an innovative new dual-fan cooling solution, with 65 W sustained power delivery, and an 80 Wh battery pack. The 14-inch display features a 16:10 aspect ratio, 400 nits brightness, and 3K resolution. Memory options go all the way up to 96 GB, and I/O includes either USB4 or Thunderbolt 4, depending on the hardware platform. The EVO 15 is almost identical in terms of specs, but with a larger 99.8 Wh battery, and a 15.3-inch 500 nits display, and a full-sized edge-to-edge keyboard.Update 07:03 UTC: We have some pricing and availability details from Schenker.

Exascend, a service-oriented provider of innovative storage and memory solutions, today unveiled its AS500 series NVMe Ball Grid Array solid state drive (BGA SSD). Engineered to address the demanding data storage requirements of next-generation connected and autonomous vehicles, the AS500 combines exceptional endurance with virtualization capabilities in an ultra-compact BGA form factor.

"The immense data demands of autonomous driving, infotainment systems, digital cockpits and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) require ruggedized storage solutions capable of withstanding extreme automotive conditions," said Frank Chen, CEO of Exascend. "The AS500 BGA SSD delivers sustained performance and virtualization support, offering automakers a compact, robust and power-efficient storage solution for in-vehicle deployments. We're particularly proud that the innovative AS500 series recently took home a Best in Show honor at Embedded World 2024."

Building on the foundation of its award-winning Super X-Fi Headphone Holography, Creative Technology will be unveiling the all-new Super X-Fi Gen 4 audio profile. This latest release boasts significant enhancements in dynamic range, clarity, and spatial awareness. The Super X-Fi Gen 4 isn't just raising the bar; it's redefining the standard for immersive audio experiences. With this latest update, users can enjoy an expanded dynamic range, delivering richer, more detailed audio reproduction. Coupled with improved clarity, users can indulge in crystal-clear sound that captures every subtle nuance, while the refined sense of space offers a more expansive and lifelike soundstage.

Super X-Fi technology elevates the audio experience for users by recreating the immersive soundstage of high-end surround speaker systems within headphones, further personalized by the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for a remarkably natural listening experience. Since its debut at CES 2019, users and critics have been impressed by the realism of personalized audio, which is tailored according to their anthropometric profiles. From immersing in the heart-pounding action of a blockbuster movie to feeling the raw energy of a live concert or delving into the captivating world of gaming, Super X-Fi can bring it all to life with breath-taking detail and precision.

Renowned global memory brand Team Group Inc. is committed to providing consumers with diverse and optimal storage solutions. Today, it proudly unveils the Team Group MP44Q M.2 PCIe 4.0 Solid State Drive, featuring the latest 3D QLC NAND technology, combining cutting-edge technology with the trend of demanding high storage capacity to meet daily system and file storage needs.

Team Group MP44Q M.2 PCIe 4.0 SSD utilizes the latest 3D QLC NAND, offering capacities of up to 4 TB. With the PCIe Gen 4 x4 interface and SLC Caching technology, it achieves maximum sequential read and write speeds of up to 7,400 MB/s and 6,500 MB/s, respectively. The MP44Q SSD operates with low power consumption, catering to all document processing and storage applications, significantly enhancing work efficiency. Paired with Team Group's exclusively patented graphene heat dissipation sticker, whose thickness is less than 1 mm, eliminating the potential for mechanical interference in any assembly, coupled with the native heat sink of the motherboard, such an arrangement effectively addresses the heat generated by high performance, extending the SSD's lifespan.

KLEVV today announced the CRAS C925 line of mid-range M.2 NVMe SSDs. Built in the M.2-2280 form-factor, these drives take advantage of the PCI-Express 4.0 x4 host interface, to provide sequential transfer speeds of up to 7400 MB/s reads, and up to 6500 MB/s sequential writes, depending on the model. There are three of these based on capacity—500 GB, 1 TB, and 2 TB. All three offer up to 7400 MB/s sequential reads, while the maximum write speeds are up to 6200 MB/s for the 500 GB model, up to 6300 MB/s for the 1 TB model, and up to 6500 MB/s for the 2 TB model. Both the 500 GB and 1 TB models offer up to 670,000 IOPS 4K random reads, and up to 980,000 IOPS random writes; while the 2 TB model does up to 700,000 IOPS random reads, with up to 1 million IOPS random writes.

The KLEVV CRAS C925 combines a MaxioTech MAP1602 DRAMless controller with an unspecified brand of 3D TLC NAND flash memory. The drive features a single-sided design, in that even the top 2 TB model has all its components on one side of the PCB. You can use the included aluminium heat-spreader that reduces temperatures by 12%, or the heatsink your motherboard includes. KLEVV rates the write endurance of these drives at 600 TBW for the 500 GB model, 1,200 TBW for the 1 TB model, and 2,400 TBW for the 2 TB model. The company is backing the drives with a 5-year warranty. The company didn't reveal pricing, but mentioned that the drives will be available from May 2024.

DFI, the world's leading brand in embedded motherboards and industrial computers, is thrilled to announce two of the world's first Industrial MicroATX motherboards to support Intel Core 12th, 13th, and 14th (Alder Lake-S, Raptor Lake-S and Raptor Lake-S Refresh) Gen Processors. "With support for the latest Intel Core processors and features including dual GPU slots and dual 10GbE ports, RPS310 and ADS310 represent a significant leap forward in innovation for industrial and medical computing, empowering manufacturing and healthcare professionals to achieve new levels of efficiency," said Jarry Chang, General Manager of Products Center at DFI.

RPS310
Featuring dual PCIe x16 Gen 4 GPU slots, addresses key challenges for Factory Automation professionals working in Smart manufacturing field, enabling improved visualized data, complex imagery processing and quality monitoring in automated production lines. RPS310 is also perfect for medical professionals to analyze Medical imaging data with unprecedented image quality and efficiency, improving diagnosis accuracy on MRIs and CT Scanners and X-rays.

Sabrent today debuted the Rocket 4 line of DRAMless M.2 NVMe Gen 4 SSDs. Built in the M.2-2280 form-factor, these drives take advantage of the PCI-Express 4.0 x4 host interface, and provide sequential transfer speeds of up to 7.4 GB/s reads, with up to 6.4 GB/s writes. The drives also offer 4K random access performance of up to 1 million IOPS reads, and 0.95 million IOPS writes. For now, Sabrent is launching 1 TB and 2 TB capacity variants of the Rocket 4, but the company is preparing to launch a larger 4 TB variant soon.

The Sabrent Rocket 4 combines a Phison E27T series DRAMless controller with Kioxia 162-layer 3D TLC NAND flash memory (also known as the BiCS 6). There's just a copper foil heat spreader to keep things cool. The 12 nm E27T doesn't run anywhere near as hot as the E18, so you can make do with the heatsink your motherboard includes, or run it the way it is. The 1 TB variant is priced at $99.99, and the 2 TB variant at $199.99. The company didn't reveal pricing of the unreleased 4 TB variant.

Cervoz brings its new storage solution to industrial applications with the launch of its new T425 Series M.2 NVMe SSDs-M.2 2230 (B+M) and M.2 2242 (B+M). Available in the compact 2230 and 2242 form factors, these PCIe Gen3x2 SSDs pack impressive performance into small footprints. Engineered for reliability and efficiency, the T425 Series provides industrial-grade solutions for embedded systems and space-constrained applications.

Space-Saving Form Factors for Seamless Integration
The tiny size of the T425 Series SSDs enables easy integration into small, fanless devices where internal space is limited. From in-vehicle systems and handheld scanners to medical equipment and industrial PCs, these SSDs allow seamless upgrades without compromising capacity or performance.