Test Setup

All measurements were performed using two Chroma 6314A mainframes equipped with the following electronic loads: six 63123A [350 W each], one 63102A [100 W x2], and one 63101A [200 W]. The aforementioned equipment is able to deliver 2500 W of load, and all loads are controlled by a custom-made software. The AC source is a Chroma 6530 capable of delivering up to 3 kW of power. We also used a Keysight DSOX3024A oscilloscope, a Rigol DS2072A oscilloscope kindly sponsored by Batronix, a Picoscope 3424 oscilloscope, a Picotech TC-08 thermocouple data logger, two Fluke multimeters (models 289 and 175), a Keithley 2015 THD 6.5 digit bench DMM, and a lab-grade N4L PPA1530 3-phase power analyzer along with a Yokogawa WT210 power meter. We also included a wooden box, which, along with some heating elements, was used as a hot box. Finally, we had at our disposal three more oscilloscopes (Rigol VS5042, Stingray DS1M12, and a second Picoscope 3424) and a Class 1 Bruel & Kjaer 2250-L G4 Sound Analyzer equipped with a type 4189 microphone that features a 16.6-140 dBA-weighted dynamic range. You will find more details about our equipment and the review methodology we follow in this article. We also conduct all of our tests at 40 °C - 45 °C ambient to simulate the environment seen inside a typical system more accurately, with 40 °C - 45 °C being derived from a standard ambient assumption of 23 °C and 17 °C - 22 °C being added for the typical temperature rise within a system.

To control the Chroma 6530 source, we use a GPIB-USB controller, which avoids its very picky Serial port. This controller was kindly provided by Prologix.



To protect our very expensive Chroma AC source, we use an OLS3000E online UPS with a capacity of 3000VA/2700W.

Primary Rails Load Regulation

The following charts show the voltage values of the main rails, recorded over a range from 60 W to the maximum specified load, and the deviation (in percent) for the same load range.

5VSB Regulation

The following chart shows how the 5VSB rail deals with the loads we throw at it.

Hold-up Time

Hold-up time is a very important PSU characteristic and represents the amount of time, usually measured in milliseconds, a PSU can maintain output regulations as defined by the ATX specification without input power. In other words, it is the amount of time a system can continue to run without shutting down or rebooting during a power interruption. The ATX specification sets the minimum hold-up time to 17 ms with the maximum continuous output load.

According to the ATX specification, PWR_OK is a "power good" signal. This signal should be asserted as high on the 5V rail by the power supply to indicate that the +12V, 5V, and 3.3V outputs are within the regulation thresholds and that sufficient mains energy is stored by the APFC converter to guarantee a system's continuous operation for at least 17ms. Conversely, PWR_OK should be de-asserted to a low state, 0V, when any of the +12V, 5V, or 3.3V output voltages fall below the under-voltage threshold or when mains power has been removed for long enough to guarantee that a power supply isn't operating anymore. The AC loss to PWR_OK minimum hold-up time is set to 16 ms, which is less than the hold-up time described above, but the ATX specification also sets a PWR_OK inactive-to-DC loss delay that should be higher than 1 ms. This means that the AC loss to PWR_OK hold-up time should be lower than the PSU's overall hold-up time to ensure that the power supply doesn't send a power good signal once any of the +12V, 5V and 3.3V rails are out of spec.

In the following screenshots, the yellow line is representative of the +12V rail; the blue line is the mains signal and the green line is the "Power Good" signal.







This is hands down the longest hold-up time we have ever measured! We did expect it to be since the bulk caps of two PSUs are combined and each PSU has to offer a long-enough hold-up time for the transition to the second unit to take place smoothly.

Inrush Current

Inrush current, or switch-on surge, refers to the maximum, instantaneous input-current drawn by an electrical device when it is first turned on. Because of the charging current of the APFC capacitor(s), PSUs produce large inrush current right as they are turned on. Large inrush current can cause the tripping of circuit breakers and fuses and may also damage switches, relays, and bridge rectifiers; as a result, the lower the inrush current of a PSU right as it is turned on, the better.



Inrush current is at normal levels for the high combined capacity of the bulk caps.

Load Regulation and Efficiency Measurements

The first set of tests revealed the stability of the voltage rails and the efficiency levels of the Twins 500 W. The applied load was equal to (approximately) 10%-110% of the maximum load the PSU can handle, in 10% steps.

We conducted two additional tests. In the first test, we stressed the two minor rails (5V and 3.3V) with a high load while the load at +12V was only 0.10 A. This test reveals whether the PSU is Haswell ready or not. In the second test, we dialed the maximum load the +12V rail could handle while the load on the minor rails was minimal.


Load regulation at +12V is decent, but not as tight as on the other rails. Moreover, the PSU is incredibly noisy even at light loads! The fans produced bearing sounds at up to 60% load, which further increased output noise. With more voltage input to the fans and at up to full-load, noise output dropped, but still remained above 50 dB(A). You should use ear plugs with this PSU, that's for sure! Efficiency is also quite low, especially in the first two load tests.

FSP Guardian Screenshots

You will find several corresponding screenshots of the FSP Guardian software below: