Friday, May 19th 2023

First Test Build of Windows 2000 64-bit Rediscovered

A 64-bit Dec Alpha C compiler was found by Virtually Fun's neozeed earlier this year - the software archeologist has been searching for various test builds of Microsoft Windows NT, including an "AXP64/ALPHA64 port," deemed extra special due to it being the first 64-bit version of Windows 2000 Professional. The small discovery of this obscure compiler was celebrated, but its functionality is ultimately not all that useful - neozeed notes that the items have been sitting within 1999 vintage Windows Platform SDKs: "It turns out that the AXP64 compiler set has been hiding in plain sight for DECADES. I know that it's so unlikely that we'd ever see any public release of a 64-bit version of Windows for the Alpha, but oddly enough the compiler, headers and libraries are all there. YES. You can make full executes for AXP64/Alpha64. Of course with no OS, so it's not like you can run them."

He continues: "Sadly as of today, there is no way to test. There is one surviving machine with Windows 2003 AXP64, outlined in an article by Raymond Chen. It's a great read about how Alpha64 NT port came to be. The machine is still sitting in Microsoft Archives. Hopefully one day someone can dig it out." The story could have ended there, but a follow up post appeared on Virtually Fun earlier this week - courtesy of guest contributor Antoni Sawicki (aka tenox) who has also experimented with the cross-compiler. He provided a little bit more historical context before making an interesting announcement: "The Win64 project for AXP64 and IA64 was code named "Sundown." Sadly, 64-bit Alpha AXP Windows was never released outside of Redmond."
"This was released by Microsoft to allow developers test-compile their programs to see if they are "64-bit ready," ahead of 64-bit hardware being available. However, this was just a cross-compiler and there was no actual way of running any of the binaries. Until Itanium finally came out, after infamously long delays." He mentions that a "generous reader, who contacted neozeed after his previous post, shared a disk image… containing a 64-bit build of Windows 2000 for Alpha AXP! The reader got it from a lot of random hard disks - bought from an e-waste (seller), years ago, and completely forgot about it until they saw the blog post!" Tenox and neozeed managed to get the test build running on an old PWS500 system via very roundabout methods.

Tenox reveals a couple of limitations: "Unfortunately there are no identifying marks that would definitely prove that this is a 64-bit Alpha AXP build. The only way to tell is because there is no WOW, even for AXP32. You can't run any 32-bit Alpha binaries. It will only run executables produced with the ALPHA64 compiler. This also means in practice, there is no native compiler for this. You have to cross compile on 32-bit NT4 or 2KRC. However if you (are) going to build anything for AXP64 I can run and test it for you. For sake of search engines the build number is 2210, the full string 2210.main.000302-1934."

He invites folks to witness the evidence in person: "If you want to see this live in action. We (are) going to be exhibiting at VCF West 2023 in August alongside other NT RISC machines. Come and see us!"
Sources: Virtually Fun, Raymond Chen, The Register
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28 Comments on First Test Build of Windows 2000 64-bit Rediscovered

#26
neozeed
Dr. DroWelcome to TPU mate!

I was thinking, are there no DEC Alpha emulators available? QEMU doesn't seem to support it. If this really requires real hardware, then it's no wonder it's fallen into that much obscurity. :oops:
sadly you are all too right. There is various forks of ES40, and there actually was an ancient Qemu fork to support ES40 hardware.
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#27
Beermotor
I was around for this on the hardware side.

The TLDR is 64-bit NT was in the cards since early on since it was originally intended to be a CPU agnostic kernel that could run on anything and developers could just target one API (not ABI as they'd still have to compile to each architecture) and all of the hardware used for "real work" was 64-bit already or in Intel's case were going to be 64-bit by the end of the decade.

I don't know if NT 3.1 through 3.51 had 64-bit builds but 64-bit NT 4.0 definitely existed in-house. By that time they'd dropped MIPS and PowerPC support and NT on SPARC died in the crib. That was OK they thought because Itanium was going to save us all and make everything else obsolete. We know how all that went down.

But DEC went out of business and Itanium was late by years, so all of that work sat unreleased until the 64-bit versions of Windows Server and XP were publicly released in 2005. I've still got a DEC Alpha build of Windows NT 5.0 beta in a filing cabinet somewhere.

Out of all of this mess the only RISC chip from those days that's still standing and seeing active development is IBM POWER.
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#28
Dr. Dro
That's an amazing piece of history :) . Learning how to deploy, configure and maintain Windows NT 4.0 was... an enlightening experience to say the least, but I grew immediately fond of the OS. It was fun, and once you managed to set it up correctly (no Plug & Play support at all!), it seemed to be remarkably stable.
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