A screenshot of an alleged AMD Ryzen 9 7950X "Zen 4" processor surfaced on the web, courtesy of OneRaichu, and this time there's no blur-out with the score field—15645 points. When compared to the alleged CPU-Z Bench scores of the Core i9-13900K "Raptor Lake" from last week, the Intel 8P+16E hybrid processor ends up 7.9% faster than this score, but still a very close second.

The Ryzen 9 7950X ends up a significant 23.47% faster than the leaked score of the Core i7-13700K (8P+8E), and the AMD flagship scores 33.5% faster than the previous-gen Intel flagship Core i9-12900K. While both the i7-13700K and i9-12900K are 8P+8E, the "Raptor Lake" gets ahead with higher IPC for the P-cores, slightly higher clocks, and more cache for the E-core clusters. The 7950X is also 32.12% faster than its predecessor, the Ryzen 9 5950X "Zen 3," and a whopping 58.39% faster than the Core i7-12700K (8P+4E).

Possible launch SEP pricing of AMD's Ryzen 7000 series "Zen 4" desktop processors leaked to the web by Wccftech, which appear to be similar to those of the Ryzen 5000 "Zen 3" at launch. AMD will launch a slim set of four SKUs in its first round of these processors—the flagship Ryzen 9 7950X (16-core/32-thread), followed by the second-best Ryzen 9 7900X (12-core/24-thread), the Ryzen 7 7700X (8-core/16-thread), and the mid-range Ryzen 5 7600X (6-core/12-thread).

Apparently, the series debuts with the Ryzen 5 7600X at $299, or the same SEP of the Ryzen 5 5600X at launch. The Ryzen 7 7700X launches at $449. The Ryzen 9 7900X comes in at $549, and the flagship Ryzen 9 7950X at $799, which again, is identical to that of the 5950X. Besides processors, motherboard vendors are expected to launch their first Socket AM5 motherboards, debuting with the AMD X670E and X670 chipsets. There's talk of mid-range chipsets such as the B650 and B650E, but we haven't seen any confirmed products show up on motherboard vendors' websites, yet. Pre-launch pricing for the X670E and X670 put them at a significant premium over the current Socket AM4 flagship boards based on the X570. Besides processors and motherboards, we could see announcements from memory vendors launching their first DDR5 memory products to feature AMD EXPO technology.

Fmax (or Frequency max), is the maximum clock speed an AMD "Zen" processor will automatically boost/overclock to, at stock multiplier settings. To go beyond this, you'll have to increase the multiplier value, and overclock the traditional way. The Fmax value for AMD's upcoming flagship desktop processor, the Ryzen 9 7950X "Zen 4," is reportedly set at 5.85 GHz. To facilitate this, you'll have to enable settings such as Precision Boost Overdrive (PBO), to eke out the power limits needed to get here. Competing Intel parts, such as the "Raptor Lake" Core i9-13900K, is reported to have a similar maximum boost frequency, of 5.80 GHz, but that's just for its 8 P-cores.

Y-Cruncher is a multi-threaded Pi calculation benchmark. Its author, Alexander Yee, has access to an AMD Ryzen 9 7950X 16-core/32-thread sample, and has developed the latest version 0.7.10 of the Y-Cruncher binary with optimization for the "Zen 4" microarchitecture, and to take advantage of the AVX-512 instruction-set on these chips. Without disclosing the juicy performance numbers obtained in his testing, Yee posted a screenshot of Y-cruncher with the 7950X, on a machine with Windows 11 22Hx, and 64 GB of memory. You know it's optimized, since the multi-core efficiency is as high as 98% (all threads are being saturated with the Pi calculation workload).

Alleged Cinebench R23 single-threaded benchmark numbers of the upcoming Ryzen 7 7700X and Ryzen 5 7600X "Zen 4" processors, leaked to the web by Greymon55, and tabulated by VideoCardz, show the two chips to be matching Intel's 12th and 13th Gen Core processors. The 7700X 8-core/16-thread processor is shown scoring anywhere between 2000 to 2099 points (denoted as 20xx), while the 7600X does anywhere between 1900 to 1999 points (19xx). This would see the two easily match/beat the 12th Gen Core "Alder Lake" P-cores, with the i9-12900K scoring 2000 points, and the i5-12600K getting 1920 points.

Numbers for the unreleased 13th Gen Core "Raptor Lake" put Intel at an advantage, with the i9-13900K allegedly scoring 2290 points, and the i5-13600K allegedly 1967 points, but what's important is that the single-thread performance, and application performance of less-parallelized workloads, such as games, could be highly competitive for "Zen 4" against Intel.

AMD is allegedly ready with a working "Zen 4" chiplet that has stacked 3D Vertical Cache (3DV cache) memory, which supplements the on-die L3 cache, and is found to massively improve gaming performance. "Moore's Law is Dead" reports that the Zen 4 + 3DV Cache chiplet will be used with various Ryzen 7000X3D SKUs, as well as special EPYC "Genoa" SKUs.

The 3DV Cache deployed with the "Zen 4" chiplet is a second-generation to the one on the "Zen 3 + 3DV cache" chiplet, and AMD has worked on a number of bandwidth and latency improvements, so it performs in-sync with the generationally-faster on-die L3 cache of the "Zen 4" chiplet. Unlike the CCD below it that's built on TSMC N5 (5 nm EUV), the L3D (the stacked die with the 3DV cache) is possibly be built on an older node, such as N6 (6 nm), since it only contains a slab of memory and doesn't warrant N5. "Moore's Law is Dead" reports that AMD expects to repeat the magic of the 5800X3D when it comes to gaming performance, and expects Ryzen 7000X3D processors to dominate Intel's 13th Gen "Raptor Lake" processors. This was echoed by another reliable source, greymon55.

AMD is now TSMC's second largest customer for its 5 nanometer N5 silicon fabrication node, according to a DigiTimes report. The Taiwan-based semiconductor industry observer also reports that AMD is more resilient than Intel in facing any downturns in the PC industry, in the coming few months. PC sales are expected to slump by as much as 15 percent in the near future, but the lower market-share compared to Intel; and the flexibility for AMD to move its CPU chips over to enterprise product to feed the growth in server processor segment, means that the company can ride over a bumpy road in the near future. The lower market-share translates to "lesser pain" from a slump compared to Intel. The report also says that embracing TSMC for processors "just in time" means that AMD has a front-row seat with product performance, time-to-market, yields, and delivery.

AMD is on the anvil of two major product launches on 5 nm, the Ryzen 7000 series "Raphael" desktop processors on August 30 (according to the report), and EPYC "Genoa" server processors in November 2022. The company is planning to refresh its notebook processor lineup in the first half of 2023, with "Dragon Range," and "Phoenix Point" targeting distinct market segments among notebooks. "Dragon Range" is essentially "Raphael" (5 nm chiplet + 6 nm cIOD) on a mobile-optimized BGA package, letting AMD cram up to 16 "Zen 4" cores, and take on Intel's high core-count mobile processors. The iGPU of "Dragon Range" will be basic, since designs based on this chip are expected to use discrete GPUs. "Phoenix Point" is a purpose-built mobile processor with up to 8 "Zen 4" cores, and a powerful iGPU based the RDNA3 architecture.

The Cinebench R20 score of an AMD Ryzen 7 7700X "Zen 4" processor (possibly engineering sample), was allegedly leaked to the web by "Extreme Player Hall," a video-format tech news published on Bili Bili, as discovered by 9550pro on Twitter. The 8-core/16-thread processor was shown scoring 773 points in the single-thread test, and 7701 points in the multi-threaded one. These numbers put it 25-30 percent faster than the current Ryzen 7 5800X, as pointed out by Greymon55. The multi-threaded performance of this chip is roughly on par with that of the 5900X, which means AMD is overcoming a 50% CPU core-deficit on the backs of higher IPC and memory bandwidth.

The 25% single-core performance gain over the 5800X, if extrapolated to other less-parallized workloads such as gaming, could put this processor about 5-10% ahead of the 5800X3D, and about 4-9% ahead of the Core i9-12900K. The 7700X could face an uphill task measuring up to "Raptor Lake" in multi-threaded tests, given that Intel is doubling down on its Hybrid Architecture, with more E-cores across the lineup. AMD may still have a crack at matching Raptor Lake's gaming performance with future variants that have 3DV Cache.

An alleged AMD Ryzen 5 7600X "Zen 4" engineering sample showed up on the Chinese gray market. The sample is reportedly clocked at 4.40 GHz, which is below the 4.70 GHz base frequency of the 7600X as shown in leaked specs sheets; with a rumored boost frequency of up to 5.30 GHz. It looks like 6-core/12-thread will indeed be the core-configuration for the Ryzen 5 7000 series, with which Intel hopes to take on 13th Gen Core i5 that has 6P+4E (16-thread) on the lower-end SKUs, and 6P+8E (20-thread) on the higher-end ones.

The next-generation flagship AMD GENOA EPYC CPU has recently appeared on Geekbench 5 in a dual-socket configuration for a total of 192 cores and 384 threads. The processors were installed in an unknown Suma 65GA24 motherboard running at 3.51 GHz and paired with 768 GB of DDR5 memory. This setup achieved a single-core score of 1460 and multi-core result of 96535 which places the processor approximately 17% ahead of an equivalently clocked 128 core EPYC 7763 in single-threaded performance. The Geekbench listing also includes an OPN code of 100-000000997-01 which most likely corresponds to the flagship AMD EPYC 9664 with a max TDP of 400 W according to existing leaks.

Someone with access to an AMD Ryzen 7 7700X "Zen 4" processor posted one of the first pictures of an AMD Ryzen 7 7700X "Zen 4" desktop processor installed on a motherboard. The picture shows the 7700X seated in the Socket AM5. The retention brace of the socket only clutches against two side protrusions of the IHS. AMD explained in its recent interview with us that the odd shape of the IHS is to accommodate the various electrical SMDs outside the IHS for better thermal management. With the processor installed, we can see that they're exposed and not covered up by the retention brace. The IHS is taller than the brace, so there will be some passive ventilation for the SMDs. Installing a Ryzen 7000 processor on Socket AM5 involves familiar steps to installing Intel mainstream-desktop processors for the past 15 years. This particular processor has the "D" marking on the IHS, which denotes a non-retail sample (possibly a review sample).

Today, AMD (NASDAQ: AMD) announced "together we advance_PCs," a livestream premiere to unveil next generation AMD PC products. Chair and CEO Dr. Lisa Su, CTO and EVP Mark Papermaster, and other AMD executives will present details on the latest "Zen 4" architecture that powers upcoming AMD Ryzen processors and the all new AM5 platform built around the latest technologies including DDR5 and PCIe 5.0, all designed to drive a new era of performance desktop PCs.

The show will premiere at 7 p.m. ET on Monday, August 29, on the AMD YouTube channel. A replay can be accessed a few hours after the conclusion of the event at AMD.com/Ryzen.

CORSAIR, a world leader in enthusiast components for gamers, creators, and PC builders, today announced its readiness for the new AMD Ryzen 7000 Series processors and accompanying motherboard chipsets. Featuring all new Zen 4 CPU architecture, AMD Ryzen 7000 Series chips deliver a substantial performance boost over previous-generation processors, and CORSAIR has the components to help support this generational upgrade. Those looking to build a new AMD system can take advantage of the free online CORSAIR PC Builder to help shortlist compatible parts for their new system.

CORSAIR has been working closely with AMD in the lead-up to the AMD Ryzen 7000 Series launch, and has already updated its PC Builder database to include the new processors so that you can curate a parts list for a powerful new AMD PC in minutes. The CORSAIR PC Builder takes your chosen CPU, graphics card, and motherboard and checks them for compatibility against a vast database of PC parts, coming up with a comprehensive list of CORSAIR parts guaranteed to work with your system. From a correctly sized case and appropriate fans, to a PSU rated to power your build and even RGB lighting, the CORSAIR PC Builder takes the guesswork out of building your new Ryzen 7000 Series powered PC. The CORSAIR PC Builder is even able to intelligently optimize the parts selected, so that you don't overspend or bottleneck your build with a mismatched component.

AMD has reportedly pushed market-availability date of its next-generation Ryzen 7000 series "Zen 4" desktop processors from September 15 to September 27, 2022. This would clash with the rumored product-announcement date of the Intel 13th Generation Core "Raptor Lake" processor series. If true, this is possibly a move designed to prevent Intel from sharing performance numbers of Ryzen 7000-series processors in the product-announcement presentation of "Raptor Lake," as Intel can only compare the chips it is announcing with competing AMD products that are available in the market at the time.

A September 27 market availability could still mean a late-August product announcement along the sidelines of Gamescom, with product reviews in the following weeks. It's just that the market availability date is now pushed to late-September. Intel's launch cycle for "Raptor Lake" could see a late-September announcement, but it remains to be seen if product availability is immediate, or timed weeks later. The 13th Gen Core "Raptor Lake" processor is built on the same LGA1700 package as current "Alder Lake," and compatible with existing Intel 600-series motherboards with a UEFI firmware update; although will be launched alongside new Intel 700-series chipset motherboards. AMD's Ryzen 7000-series product launch will be timed with those of compatible Socket AM5 motherboards based on the AMD 600-series chipset, and a new line of DDR5 memory modules featuring the AMD EXPO technology.

Here's the first render of an AMD Ryzen 7000-series retail box. Shown here, is what a Ryzen 9 7000-series PIB package could look like. It shows what is possibly a thick cardboard box with the processor window located front and center, instead of one of the sides. The front face features a prominent dark AMD Arrow logo with the processor window in the middle. The side features a Ryzen motif with the "9" brand extension shown prominently. From the looks of it, the Ryzen 9 7000-series box appears to have a tray-type design, in which an inner tray slides out from the sides. It's possible that the Ryzen 7 7000-series and Ryzen 5 7000-series come in a simpler monolithic paperboard box.

The source of this render also revealed to VideoCardz that the Ryzen 7 7700X will launch at an identical SEP pricing to the Ryzen 7 5700X, which is USD $299. The 7800X, on the other hand, could be priced higher than the 5800X launch SEP, which could put it around $399. Similarly, the Ryzen 9 7900X and 7950X could be priced higher than the 5900X and 5950X. AMD is expected to unveil the Ryzen 7000 series "Zen 4" desktop processors at an even on August 29, with market-availability slated for September 15.

GIGABYTE today showed off its upcoming AMD X670E and X670 chipset-based Socket AM5 motherboard lineup for the Ryzen 7000-series "Zen 4" desktop processors due to launch in September. Given AMD's push for PCI-Express Gen 5 connectivity beyond just the PEG slot, the new X670E chipset, with multiple Gen 5 M.2 slots, covers the upper end of the GIGABYTE AORUS motherboard series, with the X670E AORUS Xtreme and the X670E AORUS Master. The lower-end of the lineup is based on the X670, with the AORUS Pro and AORUS Elite tiers.

Both the X670E and X670 offer at least one PCI-Express 5.0 x16 slot (which can be further split into two x8 Gen 5 slots); and at least one PCI-Express 5.0 x4 M.2 NVMe slot wired to the AM5 processor. The X670E is differentiated in having an additional Gen 5 M.2 slot that is wired to the SoC, besides downstream Gen 5 PCIe connectivity from the chipset. The AORUS Xtreme leads the pack with a monstrous 18-phase VRM that uses 105 A DrMOS, an 8-layer PCB, four Gen 5 M.2 slots, the highest-grade onboard audio with ESS-made headphones DAC, AQuantia 10 GbE, WiFi 6E, and a plethora of overclocker-friendly features.

With AMD making it clear in investor-communications that its next-generation Ryzen 7000 "Zen 4" desktop processors will launch before October 2022; the countdown to their launch started. Wccftech got hold of a possible set of key dates. Apparently, August 28 is the big date on which AMD will formally announce its Ryzen 7000 Socket AM5 desktop processor lineup.

Following the August 28 announcement, the review NDA—the date on which you can read the first reviews of the retail products—is reportedly set at September 13. Market availability follows two days later, starting September 15. This is when you can actually buy the processor and compatible motherboards off the shelves. There's no word on a pre-order date; but it's always advisable to catch reviews before committing to purchase something that ships before launch date. These dates align with a mid-June leak of the launch date by AMD in a retailer promotion meeting held in China.

During this year's Flash Memory Summit, Phison, a company known for SSD controllers and now flash drives, demonstrated a system running AMD Ryzen 7000 series processors based on Zen 4 architecture. What is interesting about the shown specification is that the system was running an engineering sample of an upcoming Zen 4-based CPU with the latest storage technologies at impressive speeds. Using a Phison PS5026-E26 SSD controller, also called E26, the PCIe 5.0 SSD is powered by Micron's latest 232-layer TLC NAND flash. This new NAND technology will also bring greater densities to the market by promising higher endurance, higher read/write speeds, and better efficiency.

With AMD's upcoming AM5 platform, support for PCIe 5.0 SSDs is a welcome addition. And we today have some preliminary tests that show just how fast these SSDs can run. In CrystalDiskMark 8.0.4, it achieved over 10 GB/s in both read and write. We know that the E26 controller is capable of 12 GB/s speeds, so more fine-tuning is needed. Being an early sample, we expect final specifications to be better. The system is powered by an engineering sample of a six-core, twelve-threaded Zen 4 CPU running at unknown clocks, codenamed 100-000000593-20_Y. We can expect to see more of this technology once AMD's AM5 platform lands and Phison-powered SSDs hit the shelves in September.

AMD in its Q2-2022 financial results call with analysts, confirmed that the company's next-generation Ryzen 7000 desktop processors based on the "Zen 4" microarchitecture will debut this quarter (i.e. Q3-2022, or before October 2022). CEO Dr Lisa Su stated "Looking ahead, we're on track to launch our all-new 5 nm Ryzen 7000 desktop processors and AM5 platforms later this quarter with leadership performance in gaming and content creation."

The company also stated that its next-generation Radeon 7000 series GPUs based on the RDNA3 graphics architecture are on-track for launch "later this year," without specifying whether it meant this quarter, which could mean launch any time before January 2023. AMD is also on course to beating Intel to the next-generation of server processors with DDR5 and PCIe Gen 5 support, with its EPYC "Genoa" 96-core processor slated for later this year, as Intel struggles with a Q1-2023 general availability timeline for its Xeon Scalable "Sapphire Rapids" processor.

An alleged AMD Ryzen 7000 pre-release sample was shown running DDR5-6400 memory speed, which is already a 23 percent memory overclock on top of the DDR5-5200 native memory clock speed support. We've known since April that the Ryzen 7000 "Zen 4" processors are being designed with a focus on good memory overclocking headroom, and this is the first instance of an enthusiast-class memory speed on this platform. The feat was pulled off by Toppc, a professional overclocker affiliated with MSI.

The most interesting aspect of this feat is the density. The machine is shown featuring 64 GB of memory—something currently only doable with 32 GB quad-rank (double-sided) DIMMs; or by populating all four slots on the motherboard with 16 GB dual-rank (single-sided) DIMMs, or a 2DPC setup, which would make this feat all the more impressive. The CPU-Z screenshot by Toppc reveals a DRAM clock of 3202 MHz (DDR5-6404), and timings of 32-38-38-96. The Socket AM5 Ryzen 7000 desktop processors only support DDR5 memory type (no backwards-compatibility with DDR4), and AMD states that since it is betting solely on DDR5 (with no DDR4 sidewheels), enthusiasts can expect a good memory overclocking experience.

An innocuous search through the media asset-bank on the AMD website revealed the processor model numbers of the four Ryzen 7000 series "Zen 4" chips the company plans to debut its next-generation lineup with. These include the Ryzen 9 7950X, the Ryzen 9 7900X, the Ryzen 7 7700X, and the Ryzen 5 7600X. Older reports theorized that AMD could stick to a slim launch cycle with just 4 SKUs to be launched initially, and the series expanding to cover various price-points, later in 2023. The company didn't provide any specifications of these processors. It is rumored that AMD could announce these processors as early as in August, with availability slated for mid-September, 2022.

An AMD engineering sample CPU with the model name 100-000000593-20_Y has appeared in a couple of graphics rendering tests, paired with an NVIDIA RTX A4000 GPU. The CPU appears to be a 6-core Ryzen 7000-series chip that was fitted to a Gigabyte X670E Aorus Master motherboard. Based on the leaked information that was dug up by @TUM_APISAK, it has a clock speed of 4.4 GHz, but little else is known about the CPU. Basemark might not be the most widely used test out there and both the tests that were run, were GPU rendering tests. However, courtesy of @harukaze5719, we have some graphs comparing the alleged Ryzen 7000-series CPU with a Ryzen 9 5950X which is using the same GPU.

The first test is an OpenGL test where the 6-core CPU beats the 16-core CPU by a not insignificant 9.5 percent overall, but by more than 11 percent when it comes to the minimum frame rate in the benchmark. This is a significant performance lead, although in the Vulcan test, the difference is somewhat smaller with a 7 percent lead for the 6-core CPU. It's unclear how well these tests scale with more CPU cores, so we wouldn't read too much into either of these benchmark results, but it seems like AMD's Zen 4 architecture will deliver on what AMD has promised based on these early tests. We've independently verified that the numbers are in the ballpark of the engineering samples that AMD's partners have today, which means that these numbers haven't been faked in any way. Keep in mind that AMD is still working on its AM5 platform and it's still early days. We understand that AMD has recently fixed a few platform bugs that would've been showstoppers if AMD had launched the AM5 platform with them still present.

NVIDIA is reportedly looking to reduce orders for 5 nm wafers from TSMC as it anticipates a significant drop in demand from both gamers and crypto-currency miners. Miners are flooding the market with used GeForce RTX 30-series graphics cards, which gamers are all too happy to buy, affecting NVIDIA's sales to both segments of the market. Before the crypto-currency crash of Q1-2022, NVIDIA had projected good sales of its next-generation GeForce GPUs, and prospectively placed orders for a large allocation of 5 nm wafers from TSMC. The company had switched back over to TSMC from Samsung, which makes 8 nm GPUs from the RTX 30-series.

With NVIDIA changing its mind on 5 nm orders, it is at the mercy of TSMC, which has made those allocations (and now faces a loss). It's incumbent on NVIDIA to find a replacement customer for the 5 nm volumes it wants to back out from. Chiakokhua (aka Retired Engineer), interpreted a DigiTimes article originally written in Chinese, which says that NVIDIA has made pre-payments to TSMC for its 5 nm allocation, and now wants to withdraw from some of it. TSMC is unwilling to budge—it could at best hold off shipments by a quarter to Q1-2023, allowing NVIDIA to get the market to digest inventory of 8 nm GPUs; and NVIDIA is responsible for finding replacement customers for the cancelled allocation.

AMD is allegedly preparing an upgraded quad-core APU with Zen 4 and RDNA3 architectures for a next-generation Steam Deck device according to Moore's Law is Dead. The report claims that the chip is referred to as a "Van Gogh Successor" internally with a die size between 110 mm² and 150 mm² resulting in an increased production cost. The chip should feature 4 Zen 4 cores and 8 threads offering 25% - 35% higher performance per clock (PPC) with a maximum boost of 4 GHz. The RDNA3 graphics will include 8 Compute Units with significantly higher PPC compared to their RDNA2 counterparts which combined with the updated CPU could see a performance improvement up to 50%. These rumors have not been confirmed with any potential Steam Deck processor far from being announced or released anytime soon.

15th September, 2022, is when AMD will debut its Ryzen 7000 "Zen 4" desktop processors. The launch strategy of these chips looks similar to that of the Ryzen 5000 series. The company is preparing a lean launch lineup with just four SKUs—the Ryzen 9 7950X, the Ryzen 9 7900X, Ryzen 7 7800X, and the Ryzen 5 7600X. These SKUs succeed the 5950X, 5900X, 5800X, and 5600X, which made up the previous launch lineup. AMD in its recent interview with us, made it clear that 16-core/32-thread is the maximum core-count for the 7000 series, which would make the 7950X such a chip. The core-counts of the other SKUs are not known. All these models are built in the Socket AM5 package, featuring PCI-Express Gen 5 and DDR5 interfaces. But wait, there's more.

Although AMD led us to believe that it's going all-in with DDR5, we're hearing a spectacular rumor that suggests otherwise. Apparently, the company is designing Socket AM4 processors with "Zen 4" chiplets, possibly paired with the existing cIOD that supports PCI-Express Gen 4 and DDR4 interfaces. The rumor surfaced among sources lower down the supply-chain (resellers). It seems like AMD isn't convinced it could target the lower-end of the market with AM5 just yet, and isn't 100% confident that affordable DDR5 memory will come through in time. The "Zen 4" + AM4 processors would compete with Intel 600-series chipset motherboards that have DDR4 and PCIe Gen 4 connectivity. Trouble is, you can upgrade your Intel LGA1700 motherboard to one that has DDR5+PCIe Gen5 while keeping your processor; but you can't do so with an AM4 Zen 4 processor (you're stuck on AM4). AMD still gets to sell some processors, and those with AM4 platforms can rejoice.