A recent study by TechInsights is reshaping the narrative around the cost of semiconductor manufacturing in the United States. According to the survey, processing a 300 mm wafer at TSMC's Fab 21 in Phoenix, Arizona, is only about 10% more expensive than similar operations in Taiwan. This insight challenges earlier assumptions based on TSMC founder Morris Chang's comments, which suggested that high fab-building expenses in Arizona made US chip production financially impractical. G. Dan Hutcheson of TechInsights highlighted that the observed cost difference largely reflects the expenses associated with establishing a brand-new facility. "It costs TSMC less than 10% more to process a 300 mm wafer in Arizona than the same wafer made in Taiwan," he explained. The initial higher costs stem from constructing a fab in an unfamiliar market with a new, sometimes unskilled workforce—a scenario not typical for mature manufacturing sites.
A significant portion of the wafer production cost is driven by equipment, which accounts for well over two-thirds of the total expenses. Leading equipment providers like ASML, Applied Materials, and Lam Research charge similar prices globally, effectively neutralizing geographic disparities. Although US labor costs are higher than in Taiwan, the heavy automation in modern fabs means that labor represents less than 2% of the overall cost. Additional logistics for Fab 21, including the return of wafers to Taiwan for dicing, testing, and packaging, add complexity but only minimally affect the overall expense. With plans to expand domestic packaging capabilities, TSMC's approach is proving to be strategically sound. This fresh perspective suggests that the apparent high cost of US fab construction has been exaggerated. TSMC's $100B investment in American semiconductor manufacturing reflects a calculated decision informed by detailed cost analysis—demonstrating that location-based differences become less significant when the equipment dominates expenses.

54 Comments on TSMC Arizona Operations Only 10% More Expensive Than Taiwanese Fab Operations
Also:
>says labour costs are insignificant.
>blames a 10% cost increase on new and unskilled workforce.
>analysis! :cool:
And I think this part goes a long way: To me its the same old game - you don't need to restrict your business only to places that rely upon abusive, cheap labor to make money - you can automate instead.
It seems TSMC already knew it and was already capable of doing exactly that, so, why the previous complaints from Chang?
Anyway, this isn't just about US v Taiwan v China, because, I don't see why the EU couldn't entice TSMC to put plants there too.
Also, you clearly do not undertand the Taiwanese mentality.
Ok, to be fair, they have another fab they bought in the US as well.
This is pure speculation on both parts, since this does not appear in the original source article at all (and the source apparently did in-depth research and analyzed down to minutia "The Strategic Cost and Price Model"): Counter point : Depending on the chip and quantity, I can easily see the above adding significantly to cost. It probably makes some kinds of lower volume lower cost chip fabbing economically impractical on TSMC nodes in the US.
The original article doesn't even mention it -> Link
Also the cost of labor in the US, somehow went from double in the original article : To triple by the time it made it to TPU:
This is from 2022.
taiwannews.com.tw/news/4825988
But, when I said "work/life/salary balance of slave labor versus not." I meant that Chang was complaining previously that he thought TSMC USA wouldn't work well because something along the lines of "the Americans don't work as hard or for as long each day".
I found such comments silly, mostly about patriotism of Taiwan or ethnocentrism. Like yeah how horrible that people don't want to work excessive hours, perhaps different cultures have different work/life balance. The USA isn't even a bastion of work/life balance anyway. In the end, given the high automation of TSMC, I wouldn't be surprised if TSMC found success in the countries that were perceived to be a bad fit.
From the linked to 2023 article: "TAIPEI (Taiwan News) — Employees of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) were paid NT$3.175 million (US$103,711) in annual salaries on average last year, up 28.91% from the previous year."
And in the US, Intel's 2024 range is 59-98K:
Or this view :
In fact, it looks like parity in terms of pay.
Certainly, it is not double nor anywhere near triple.
Taiwan is only 100 miles away from mainland China. PRC view Taiwan as a leftover from civil war. Now that they consolidated power on the mainland they want to finish what they started during the civil war against the ROC = ending ROC and incorporating Taiwan into China territory.
Taiwan is backed by the US so they cant do this freely but due to the close geographic proximity of Taiwan and China it's probably only a matter of time until they make their move. Also US shielding taiwan is in great part due to the world dependance to TSMC, which is weakening due to the strategic production beeing shifted in the US.
Xi's buildup of the PLA \ PLAN (military) has a milestone year: 2027
China's navy (the PLAN) is already about the same size as the US', and should be significantly larger by 2030 (like 1/3 larger). What's more their navy is regional, our is spread throughout the world.
This is also why both control of the Panama Canal and the Red Sea (Houthi's) is an issue. The Red Sea is the way to transit the Mediterranean to the Pacific via the Suez Canal, while the Panama Canal serves the same purpose for fleets in the Atlantic.
If you choke these two corridors off, the US can't move its naval assets freely. This would give China a huge boost of having perhaps 3x or 4x as many ships in the region than the US and no way for the US to get reinforcements.
All these things are, conveniently, coming together for Xi's 2027 goal.
Also, I think you over-estimate what the west will do, or what it can do.
economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/china-taiwan-2027-deadline-how-china-could-crush-taiwan-without-firing-a-shot/articleshow/119429188.cms
The attitude and policy towards foreigners also seems a bit funny: some foreigners, who are just trying to survive in this world in the real hardships of life, they deport to hell knows where, but other foreigners they ask to invest in America and raise the economy. Those calculations and assessments seem even funnier when you realize that those billions fell to TSMC out of nowhere, out of the sky, and nothing will become much more expensive anywhere.
This would be of large consequence to any other nation with maritime or land border issues with China. So Taiwan being "reintegrated" will not go down well with them!
Now whether they act if push comes to shove is another matter.
Additionally, such actions would have the side effect of China be financially isolated from all but one of it's largest economic markets. They will not do that. True..